目的 调查河北省唐山市2015年主要病媒生物蚊、蝇、鼠和蜚蠊的种群构成和季节消长情况，为2016年世界园艺博览会病媒生物控制及媒介传染病防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2015年1-12月，在唐山市城区及农村选取不同地点，分别采用诱蚊灯法、笼诱法、夹夜法和粘捕法对蚊、蝇、鼠及蜚蠊进行监测。结果 捕获的蚊类有淡色库蚊和中华按蚊，平均蚊密度为2.65只（灯/·h），淡色库蚊为优势蚊种，占捕获总数的99.42%；蝇类主要有家蝇、丝光绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇和厩腐蝇，平均蝇密度为3.63只/笼，棕尾别麻蝇为优势蝇种，占捕获总数的46.18%；鼠类有褐家鼠和小家鼠，平均鼠密度为0.32%，褐家鼠为优势鼠种，占捕获总数的52.17%；捕获的蜚蠊均为德国小蠊，密度为0.08只/张，侵害率为5.33%。蚊和蝇5月开始活动，蚊类于7月达到高峰，蝇类在6、9月出现2次高峰；鼠和蜚蠊全年均有活动，鼠密度高峰在5月，蜚蠊密度高峰在7月。结论 通过监测基本掌握了唐山市主要病媒生物蚊、蝇、鼠、蜚蠊的种群构成和季节消长规律，为确保2016年世界园艺博览会的顺利召开，为媒介生物性疾病的防治提供了依据。

Objective To investigate the community structure and seasonality of main vectors in Tangshan city in 2015, and to provide the scientific basis for vectors control and prevention of vector-borne diseases during the 2016 International Horticultural Exposition. Methods Light trap, cage trap,mouse trap and glue trap were used to catch mosquitoes, flies, rodents and cockroaches respectively in different urban and rural areas in Tangshan from January to December in 2015. Results The mosquitoes were mainly Culex pipiens pallens and Anopheles sinensis, the average density of mosquitoes was 2.65 per lamp hour, with the predominant species being Cx. pipiens pallens, which accounted for 99.42%. The flies were mainly Musca domestica, Lucilia sericata, Boettcherisca peregrina and Muscina stabulans. The average fly population density was 3.63 per cage, with the predominant species being B. peregrina, which accounted for 46.18%. The rodents were mainly Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, the average density of rodents was 0.32%, with the predominant species being R. norvegicus, which accounted for 52.17%. The cockroaches with the predominant species was Blattella germanica, the average density of cockroaches was 0.08 per sticky trap, and the infestation rates was 5.33%. Most mosquitoes and flies prevailed in May; the former became most active in July and the latter in June and September. Rats and cockroaches were observed throughout the year with relatively high density in May for rats and in July for cockroaches. Conclusion The community structure and seasonality of main vectors were preliminarily understood through monitoring to ensure the success of the 2016 World Horticultural Exposition and provide the basic information for vector-borne disease control and prevention.