目的 对中国-老挝（中老）边境地区的蚊虫种群组成及分布、群落优势度、多样性、均匀性和地理生态位宽度（B）等生态特征进行调查，为中老边境地区的蚊媒疾病防控及相关生态研究提供参考。方法 2012-2015年8-10月在中老边境地区12个县（市、区）建立调查点，在居民区用诱蚊灯对夜间活动的成蚊进行通宵诱捕，并进行形态分类鉴定计数，对中老边境蚊虫构成比、密度、群落指数和Bi进行计算，比较差异性。结果 共捕获蚊虫3亚科13属58种（亚种）26 061只，其中中国边境捕获3亚科11属46种（亚种）20 410只，老挝边境捕获2亚科10属36种5 651只；三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊均为中老边境地区的优势种，中国边境两蚊种分别占捕获总数的52.05%和23.58%，老挝边境两蚊种分别占捕获总数的54.24%和12.42%；中老边境三带喙库蚊的构成比差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.031，P>0.05），中华按蚊构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=330.332，P<0.05）；中老边境地区的总蚊、优势种三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊的平均密度差异无统计学意义（t=1.120、1.103、1.385，均P>0.05），蚊虫优势集中指数、多样性指数及均匀度指数差异均无统计学意义（t=0.682、-1.736、-1.788，均P>0.05）；中老边境地区各县（市、区）蚊虫多样性变化依次为风沙里 > 琅勃拉邦 > 南塔 > 会晒 > 乌赛 > 景洪 > 江城 > 勐腊 > 勐醒 > 思茅 > 勐海 > 奔泰；中老边境地区的三带喙库蚊、骚扰阿蚊和可赫按蚊的Bi值较大，分别为0.810 9、0.746 1和0.742 6；中国边境的中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊和骚扰阿蚊Bi值较大，分别为0.880 2、0.875 1和0.809 5；老挝边境的骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊和须喙按蚊Bi值较大，分别为0.944 7、0.895 1和0.880 8。结论 中老边境地区蚊虫种群丰富度均较高，群落内各蚊种数量分布均匀、结构稳定及蚊虫生态特征类似；三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为该地区数量最多、分布最广的蚊种。

Objective To investigate the population, community dominance, diversity, homogeneity and geographical niche of mosquitoes in China-Laos border, so as to provide advices for the prevention and control arboviral diseases and establish a reference for related ecological researches in these districts. Methods Surveillance were conducted in 12 counties and cities in China and Laos around border from 2012 to 2015. Adult mosquitoes were collected by overnight trapping with ovitrap light from August to October of each year. All captured mosquitoes were counted and identified in the laboratory and then computed the community composition, density, community index and geographical niche of mosquitoes. Results Total of 26 061 adult mosquitoes was captured and identified to 58 species of 13 genera in 3 subfamilies. Among them, 20 410 mosquitoes of 46 species of 11 genera in 3 subfamilies were captured in China and 5 651 mosquitoes of 36 species of 10 genera in 2 subfamilies were captured in Laos. The predominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis in the border areas of China and Laos. The proportion for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in all captured mosquitoes were 52.05%(10 624/20 410)in China and 54.24%(3 065/5 651)in Laos(P>0.05). But the proportion of An. sinensis were higher in China(23.58%, 4 813/20 410)than in Laos(12.42%, 702/5 651)(P<0.05). There is no statistical significance in the average density between captured mosquitoes, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis(P>0.05). There is no statistical significance in the dominance index, diversity index and homogeneity index(P>0.05). The order of mosquito diversity in counties along the border of China and Laos from high to low was Phongsaly, Louangphrabang, Luangnamtha, Houayxay, Oudomxay, Jinghong, Jiangcheng, Mengla, Mengxing, Simao, Menghai and Bengtai. The mosquitoes with maximum geographical niche were Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(B_i=0.810 9), Ar. subalbatus (B_i=0.746 1)and An. kochi(B_i=0.742 6)of 12 counties in the border of China and Laos, An. sinensis(B_i=0.880 2), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(B_i=0.875 1)and Ar. subalbatus(B_i=0.809 5)in 5 counties of China border and Ar. subalbatus (B_i=0.944 7), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(B_i=0.895 1), and An. barbirostris(B_i=0.880 8)in 7 counties of Laos border. Conclusion The populations of mosquitoes in the border of China and Laos were highly diverse, homogeneous distribution among communities, with stable composition and similar ecological characteristics. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis were the predominant species with maximum composition of community, density and geographical niche in these districts.