目的 了解蓄水后三峡库区湖北省宜昌段自然疫源性疾病的动态变化，为及时制定卫生防病措施提供依据。方法 连续收集2003-2015年监测点自然疫源性疾病发病资料、人群血清学和鼠类监测资料，进行综合分析。结果 2003-2015年三峡库区湖北省宜昌段报告钩端螺旋体病（钩体病）、疟疾、狂犬病各1例，未发现鼠疫、肾综合征出血热（HFRS）及其他自然疫源性疾病病例；HFRS和钩体病抗体人群血清阳性率分别为2.22%和14.12%；室内鼠密度先上升后下降，室外鼠类捕获率呈波动性下降趋势。鼠肾钩端螺旋体、鼠肺HFRS阳性率分别为3.49%和0.35%。结论 尚未发现三峡库区湖北省宜昌段自然疫源性疾病对人群健康造成明显影响，但应继续开展监测。

Objective To understand the natural focus disease dynamics among people living in the surveillance sites of Three Gorges Reservoir in Yichang city,to provide timely measures for disease control and prevention. Methods Continuously collecting and analyzing 2003-2015 surveillance natural focus disease incidence data, crowd serological data, and rodents monitoring data. Results From 2003 to 2015, Three Gorges Reservoir of Hubei Yichang section reported leptospirosis, malaria, rabies each 1 case, no plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and other natural focus disease cases reported. Serological surveillance results showed that the crowd epidemic hemorrhagic fever and leptospirosis antibody positive rate were 2.22%, 14.12% respectively. Indoor rodents' density declined after rising first, outdoor rodents' density was on the decline in volatility trends. Renal leptospirosis and pulmonary hemorrhagic fever positive rate were 3.49%, 0.35% respectively. Conclusion The natural focus diseases in Three Gorges Reservoir haven't exerted great impact on population health. The disease surveillance should be continued.