目的 了解老挝南塔省芒新县蚊虫种类构成情况，为当地制定重要蚊虫传染病防控措施提供依据。方法 于2015年9-12月，采用诱蚊灯通宵捕蚊法在畜圈采集成蚊，幼虫捕捞法采集树洞、竹筒和石穴的4龄幼虫，并通过形态鉴定蚊虫种类。结果 共采集蚊类11属44种21 781只，成蚊以三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为优势蚊种，分别占捕获成蚊总数的54.39%和39.28%；4龄蚊幼虫以黄色阿蚊和斑翅库蚊数量较多，分别占捕获蚊幼虫总数的43.42%和18.86%。结论 老挝南塔省芒新县蚊种丰富，三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为当地成蚊优势种，提示当地卫生部门应加强流行性蚊虫传染病传播媒介的监测。

Objective To investigate mosquito species in Muangsing county of Luangmamtha province, Lao PDR, providing evident for local important arbovirus infectious diseases. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected by light-traps method overnight, and 4^th instar larvae were collected from different mosquito breeding sites, identifying them by morphological classification method. Results A total of 21 781 mosquito individuals were collected from 44 species in 11 genera, of those Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis belonged to local predominant adult species, their proportions were 54.39% and 39.28% of total collected adult mosquito respectively; 4^th instar larvae rates of Armigeres flavus and Cx. mimeticus were higher than the others, their rates were 43.42% and 18.86% of total collected Ⅳ-larvae respectively. Conclusion Mosquito species were very rich in Muangsing county of Luangmamtha province, Lao PDR, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis belonged to local predominant mosquito species, the results hinted local health department should strengthen mosquito-borne infectious diseases monitoring.