目的 了解辽宁省鼠密度、鼠类种群构成、不同生境鼠密度情况及其变化趋势，为制定鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法 于2006-2015年，在城镇设置居民区和特殊行业2种类型监测点，农村设置村内和村外2种类型监测点，采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。结果 2006-2015年辽宁全省共布放鼠夹1 059 319夹次，有效夹1 009 744夹次，捕获鼠类18 929只，平均鼠密度为1.87%，2006-2015年10年间鼠密度整体呈下降趋势。城市鼠密度（1.15%）远低于农村（2.69%），农村村内（3.39%）> 农村村外（1.97%）> 特殊行业（1.32%）> 居民区（0.97%）。2006-2015年辽宁省农村村内、特殊行业和居民区鼠密度均呈下降趋势，而农村村外鼠密度呈先下降后回升趋势。褐家鼠为辽宁省优势鼠种，但其构成比呈下降趋势，黑线姬鼠和小家鼠构成比呈上升趋势，黑线仓鼠和大仓鼠构成比基本稳定。居民区、特殊行业和农村村内优势种为褐家鼠，农村村外优势种为黑线姬鼠，不同生境中褐家鼠的构成比均呈下降趋势，小家鼠构成比均呈上升趋势，但农村村外黑线姬鼠构成比呈上升趋势。黑线仓鼠和大仓鼠在4种生境的构成比在稳定的区间内变化不明显。结论 2006-2015年辽宁省鼠密度整体呈下降趋势，农村应作为重点防控地区；不同生境鼠种构成不同，应对优势鼠种采取有针对性的防制措施以降低鼠密度，从而达到控制鼠传疾病的目的。

Objective To master the condition of rodent population distribution, seasonal fluctuation, rodent density for different habitats, and to provide a basis for developing rodent control strategies. Methods The rodents density was investigated by night trapping. Two types of monitoring points were chosen in town, one in residential and the other in special industry. Two types of monitoring points chosen in village were the rural and outside. Results Totally 1 059 319 traps were placed, 1 009 744 were effective, and 18 929 rodents were captured in Liaoning province from 2006 to 2015, the average rodent density was 1.87%. The density of rodents was lower in city(1.15%) than village(2.69%), and the highest was outside the village(3.39%), followed by inside the village(1.97%), special industry(1.32%) and residential community(0.97%). The density of rodents inside the village, in special industry and residential community were decreased, but that outside the village increased. Rattus norvegicus was predominant species in Liaoning province. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, the rodent constituent of Apodemus agrarius and Mus musculus increased, the rodent constituent of Cricetulus barabensis and Tscherskia triton remained stable. In different habitats, R. norvegicus was predominant species inside the village, in special industry and residential community, Ap. agrarius was predominant species outside the village. The rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased in all those different habitats, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased, C. hamster and T. triton remained stable. Conclusion The density of rodents totally deceased from 2006 to 2015, but increased in recent years. The density of rodents was lower in city than village, the prevention and control for rodent density should focus on the rural areas. In different habitats,the rodent constituent of R. norvegicus decreased, M. musculus increased, Ap. agrarius outside the village increased. According to their characteristics of different habitats, comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the rodent density, for the purpose of controlling rodent-borne diseases.