目的 了解云南省南部人房蚊虫的群落特征，探讨其群落组成、群落优势度、多样性、均匀性和季节消长等情况，为当地虫媒疾病防控提供依据。方法 2014年6-10月，在云南省南部西双版纳州勐海县选择1个傣族村寨，每月在观察点人房用诱蚊灯通宵诱捕蚊虫，进行蚊虫群落学特征和季节消长分析。结果 共捕获蚊虫3亚科5属16种15 391只，其中优势种三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊的优势度（D）分别为69.62和49.39，D>40，其次为银足按蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、致倦库蚊、带足按蚊和微小按蚊，优势度分别为33.71、31.79、30.11、16.88和16.48，D>10；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielo均匀度指数分别为1.47、0.29和0.53；经χ²检验，发现三带喙库蚊与中华按蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊与银足按蚊、带足按蚊与微小按蚊结合度较好；人房蚊虫活动高峰期为7-9月。结论 云南省南部人房蚊虫群落较为丰富，群落组成结构复杂，优势种数量分布基本均匀；蚊虫密度较高，高峰期持续时间长。

Objective To study the characteristics of indoor mosquitoes, community composition, diversity, and seasonality in the south of Yunnan province, and to prevent local arbovirus infectious diseases. Methods In a village of Dai in Menghai county of Xishuangbanna prefecture in the north of Yunnan province, mosquitoes were captured by overnight trapping with ovitrap light and counted by species from June to October in 2014. Results Total of 15 391 mosquitoes were captured and were classified into 16 species of 5 genus in 3 subfamilies. The predominant species were Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis, the predominant index of them were 69.62 and 49.39(D>40). The sub-predominant species were An. argyropus, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. fatigans, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus, the predominant index were 33.71, 31.79, 30.11, 16.88, and 16.48, respectively(D>10). Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielo evenness index were 1.47, 0.29, and 0.53, respectively. Statistically analysis found that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis, Cx. pseudovishnui and An. argyropus, An. peditaeniatus and An. minimus with better fitness. The peak months of indoor mosquitoes were July, August and September. Conclusion The indoor mosquitoes species in the south of Yunnan province were rich with complicated composition of community and approximately equal distribution of the predominant species. The species density of mosquitoes was high and the peak population density lasted for an extended period of time.