目的 调查国境口岸蚤的种类及分布。方法 于2001-2015年采用鼠夹法和鼠笼法捕获鼠类，采集其体表寄生蚤。结果 全国各口岸共发现蚤类6科28属113种和亚种。其中北方口岸地区生境复杂，宿主动物和蚤种类较丰富。新疆口岸地区蚤种类最多，达57种和亚种，其中阿拉山口口岸29种；其次是内蒙古口岸地区，其中二连浩特24种；黑龙江口岸地区的绥芬河口岸19种。南方地区口岸生境比较单一，其宿主动物以家栖鼠类为主，蚤种类较少，多数口岸仅捕获蚤类1~2种。结论 基本掌握了全国重要口岸地区蚤的种类和分布，为全国各口岸地区蚤媒传染病的预测、预报、风险评估及制定防治措施提供了基础数据。

Objective To investigate the species and distribution of fleas in the frontier ports of China. Methods The fleas were collected from the rodents captured by snap-trap and live-trap, during the period from 2001 to 2015. Results The fleas were identified as 113 species or subspecies, belonging to 6 families, and 28 genera. Due to the complex habitats, the northern port areas have large variety of host rodents and the fleas. The fleas in the Xinjiang port areas possess the most diversity, reaching 57 species and subspecies, among which, 29 species occurring in Alashankou port. Closely followed were Inner Mongolia port areas, including 24 species in Erlianhaote port, then Heilongjiang port areas, including 19 species in Suifenhe port area. For the habitats of the southern port areas are monotonous, and the common host animals were commensal rodents,the species of fleas were less. Only 1-2 species were captured at most of those ports. Conclusion The species and distribution of fleas in the important frontier ports of China were studied, which provided the basic data for the prediction, risk analysis and prevention and control of flea borne diseases at frontier ports in the whole country.