目的 了解腾冲市2011-2015年鼠疫宿主动物和媒介生物种群消长情况，为腾冲市鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法 2011-2015年采用布笼法和5 m布夹法捕获小型兽类，利用粘蚤纸捕蚤，对捕获的宿主动物及媒介生物进行分类、鉴定；培养鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌），检测血清F1抗体；计算鼠密度、染蚤率和蚤指数等并进行统计分析。结果 共捕获小兽2 506只，隶属于3目6科（亚科）15属22种，黄胸鼠为优势种，占捕获总数的49.20%（1 233/2 506）；检蚤5科7亚科15属19种共666匹，总蚤指数为0.27（666/2 506），缓慢细蚤和印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种，分别占获蚤总数的37.09%（247/666）和19.22%（128/666）；室内外平均鼠密度分别为0.63%（235/37 080）和2.15%（790/36 690）；室内外黄胸鼠捕获数量差异有统计学意义（χ²=229.750，P<0.05），两种方法捕获的黄胸鼠优势蚤种有统计学意义（χ²=28.470，P<0.05）；7月黄胸鼠捕获率最高，9月印鼠客蚤指数最高；实验室检测鼠血清702份，鼠疫菌培养：小兽2 506份，蚤682组，均为阴性。结论 腾冲市是家鼠鼠疫疫源地，鼠疫处于相对稳定期，应以室内监测为主，兼顾室外，提高监测质量，防止鼠疫疫情再次暴发。

Objective To analyze the growth trend of plague host and vector species in Tengchong city during 2011-2015, and provide the evidence-based proof for the plague control and prevention. Methods The surveillance data of host and vector were collected and sorted through clip cage and 5 m method. Yersinia pestis was cultured and serum F1 was detected to calculate the rate density,flea infection rate and flea indicator. Results In 2011-2015, Tengchong city captured 2 506 small mammals,belonged to 3 orders, 6 families (subfamilies), 15 genera, 22 species. Rattus tanezumi was the predominant species(1 233/2 506, 49.20%). Also 666 fleas were captured, which belonged to 5 families, 7 subfamilies, 15 genera, 19 species with total flea indicator was 0.27 (666/2 506). Leptopsylla segnis (247/666, 37.09%) and Xenopsylla cheopis(128/666, 19.22%) were the main species. The average indoor small mammal density was 0.63%(235/37 080), and the outdoor small mammal density was 2.15%(790/36 690), which have the statistical significance(χ²=229.750, P<0.05). In addition,the two methods also have the statistical significance(χ²=28.470, P<0.05). The highest capture rate for R. tanezumi and X. cheopis were observed in July and September. In total, 702 samples were detected in laboratory, and 2 506 samples and 682 samples of Y. pestis from rodents and flea were cultured but none was positive. Conclusion Tengchong city was plague endemic area. Though the plague was in the stationary phase, the indoor surveillance should be prioritized, along with outdoor surveillance. Also the quanlity of surveillance should be improved to avoid the plague re-emergence.