目的 分析河北省蚊虫种群密度及季节消长与蚊媒传染病发病情况的相关性，为预防和控制蚊媒传染病提供依据。方法 收集河北省2013－2015年蚊媒传染病发病资料和蚊虫种群密度季节消长监测资料，利用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 河北省2013－2015年共报告蚊媒传染病发病数467例，主要的蚊媒传染病为流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）、疟疾和登革热，报告病例数分别为264、178和25例；诱蚊灯共捕获成蚊71 916只，月平均蚊密度为1.368只/（灯·h）；淡色库蚊为优势蚊种，占捕蚊总数的97.38%；常见蚊种为三带喙库蚊（1 515只）、白纹伊蚊（208只）和中华按蚊（150只）；2013－2015年河北省蚊虫密度与蚊媒传染病发病率呈相关性（r=0.145，P=0.041）。结论 河北省具有传播多种蚊媒传染病的媒介蚊种，蚊虫密度季节消长与蚊媒传染病发病率低度相关，反映出蚊虫密度与蚊媒传染病间存在复杂联系，条件适宜时可能暴发蚊媒传染病。

Objective To analyze the association between the seasonal fluctuation of mosquito density and mosquito-borne diseases in Hebei province. Methods We collected the incidence data of the mosquito-borne diseases and the monitoring data about seasonality of mosquito population density in Hebei province during the period of 2013-2015, and then all the data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 software. Results The total of mosquito-borne diseases in Hebei province during the period of 2013-2015 were 467 cases. The main mosquito-borne diseases were epidemic encephalitis, malaria and dengue fever. The number of cases are 264, 178 and 25 cases respectively. In total, 71 916 mosquitoes were captured during the period of 2013-2015 in Hebei province and the monthly average mosquito density was 1.368 per mosquito-lured lamp. Culex pipiens pallens(1 515), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus(208), Aedes albopictus(150)and Anopheles sinensis(10)were common in Hebei province, the population density of Cx. pipiens pallens was the highest, accounted for 97.38% of the total mosquitoes. The incidence of mosquito-borne diseases was correlated with mosquito population densities during 2013-2015 (r=0.145, P=0.041). Conclusion The results suggest that there are many kinds of mosquitoes in Hebei province and there are complex links between mosquito population densities and mosquito-borne diseases.