目的 对宁夏六盘山地区人兽共患病自然疫源地宿主动物进行分类和鉴定，提高形态分类的准确性，探讨DNA条形码技术分型的可行性。方法 采用鼠夹法在不同生境采集小型兽类标本84份；其中选择58份扩增细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因部分序列，并测序和进行相关分析，构建进化树。结果 捕获的10个形态种小型兽类中，通过COⅠ基因分析发现11个分子种。形态上鉴定为洮州绒鼠平的标本还包括岢岚绒鼠平；原定的达乌尔鼠兔准确鉴定为黄河鼠兔；原定的根田鼠准确鉴定为东方田鼠。结论 DNA条形码可准确鉴定小型兽类动物标本，纠正形态鉴定的错误；可发现形态难以区分的隐含种，更好地研究啮齿动物的分类及进化关系。

Objective To improve the ability of correct classification and identification of small mammals in different kinds of nature foci of zoonosis in Liupanshan area of Ningxia. It can improve the accuracy of classification, and to explore the feasibility of DNA barcoding. Methods By trapping method, 84 small mammal samples from different habitats of Liupanshan area were collected. Sequences of COⅠ gene were amplified and sequenced from 58 of their samples. Based on these sequences, a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree were constructed. Results According to the NJ tree, 11 clusters with high bootstrap support were found from 10 morphological species. Caryomys eva were divided in to two clusters, including C. eva and C. inez. Ochotona daurica should be O. huangensis, and Microtus oeconomus should be M. fortis according to the COⅠ genes. Conclusion These results show that DNA barcodes could be used to accurately identify specimens of small mammals. It could discover morphologically indistinguishable species and could better study the classification and evolution of rodents.