目的 了解2015年广东省潮州市登革热疫情暴发期间,传播媒介白纹伊蚊幼虫及成蚊对几种常用杀虫剂的抗药性,为当地蚊虫的防控及登革热疫情处理提供依据。方法 疫情处置时,广泛采集潮州市不同区域的白纹伊蚊,并标记采集地点,记录采集试虫数量、虫态等信息。按照《全国重要病媒生物抗药性监测(试行)方案:第2部分 埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊》,采用WHO推荐的蚊虫抗药性生物学测定方法,即成蚊采用接触筒法,幼虫采用浸渍法;以中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)传染病预防控制所推荐的敏感试虫为参考品系,分别测定成蚊和幼虫的抗药性,判断抗性程度。结果 潮州市白纹伊蚊幼虫对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和双硫磷4种常用杀虫剂的LC₅₀分别为0.092 8、2.047 5、0.055 2和0.007 3 mg/L,为参考品系的232.0、1 023.8、61.3和4.6倍。成蚊接触3%氯菊酯药膜1 h后, 24 h的死亡率为66.67%,表明成蚊已经产生抗药性;而对1.8%氯氟氰菊酯、0.1%溴氰菊酯、3%高效氯氰菊酯和0.44%马拉硫磷药膜接触1 h后的24 h死亡率分别为86.96%、95.12%、82.50%和91.43%,表现为可疑抗性,对0.18%杀螟硫磷、0.6%敌敌畏和0.06%残杀威均表现为敏感(接触1 h后,24 h死亡率均为100%)。结论 潮州市白纹伊蚊幼虫对测试的杀虫剂均产生了抗药性,尤其是对拟除虫菊酯类,而对有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂敏感或产生低抗;成蚊对氯菊酯产生抗药性,对溴氰菊酯等抗性程度需进一步确定。应加强蚊虫抗药性监测,科学合理地使用杀虫剂。

Objective To investigate the resistance of larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Chaozhou, Guangdong province in China during the dengue outbreak in 2015, providing guidance in the control of dengue vector mosquitoes. Methods Along with the efforts to control the outbreak, larval mosquitoes were collected from the epidemic areas, recording the number and instar of larvae, as well as the longitude and latitude of collecting sites. According to the National Scheme of Pesticide Resistance Surveillance for Major Vectors (Trial) PartⅡ Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, WHO recommended methods-bioassays were performed on the collected Ae. albopictus. With reference to the S-lab (a laboratory strain from National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), insecticides resistance was tested with exposure tubes on adults and dipping method on larvae. Results The median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of the larvae against deltamethrin, permethrin, beta-cypermethrin and temephos were 0.092 8 mg/L (RR=232.0), 2.047 5 mg/L (RR=1 023.8), 0.055 2 mg/L (RR=61.3) and 0.007 3 mg/L (RR=4.6) respectively. Adult mosquitoes were tested against 3% permethrin for one hour, and only 66.67% died 24 h later, showing resistance to permethrin. When exposed to 1.8% cyhalothrin, 0.1% deltamethrin, 3% beta-cypermethrin and 0.44% malathion for 1 h respectively, the mortality 24 h later were 86.96%, 95.12%, 82.50%, and 91.43%, indicating decreased susceptibility and likely resistance/tolerance to the insecticides. However, the tested adults showed high susceptibility to 0.18% fenitrothion, 0.6% dichlorvos and 0.06% propoxur with mortality 100% (1 h exposure and 24 h recovery). Conclusion The larvae of Ae. albopictus in Chaozhou city have developed resistance to the tested insecticides, especially to pyrethroids. Adult mosquitoes showed high resistance to permethrin, but further researches are needed to confirm the resistance to deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, beta-cypermethrin and malathion. In practice, insecticides resistance surveillance should be highlighted to enhance mosquito control efficacy.