目的 了解广东省27个口岸鼠形动物及其体表寄生虫种类,鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)和汉坦病毒感染状况,为口岸鼠传疾病防控提供科学依据。方法 2014年5月至2015年4月,采用鼠笼法捕获鼠形动物,实时荧光PCR法检测鼠肺,收集口岸人员健康状况。结果 共捕获鼠形动物885只,平均密度为0.58%,优势种为臭鼩鼱(47.68%)和褐家鼠(33.67%);检出印鼠客蚤,染蚤率为0.79%,蚤指数为0.03。共检测鼠肺839份,10个口岸检出汉城型汉坦病毒,病毒携带率为2.74%,其中黄胸鼠携带病毒率最高(7.45%)。不同类型口岸鼠形动物汉坦病毒携带率差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.287,P=0.349,ν=3)。未检出鼠疫菌。结论 广东口岸的鼠形动物平均密度低于控制标准,未发现鼠间鼠疫流行线索,但存在黄胸鼠和印鼠客蚤,个别口岸汉坦病毒携带率较高,需采取措施预防控制鼠传疾病。

Objective To investigate the species of small mammal hosts, ectoparasites, and infection of Yersinia pestis and Hantavirus at Guangdong 27 frontier ports, and to provide scientific evidence for implementing prevention and control interventions. Methods Small mammal hosts were captured by rat cages from May 2014 to April 2015. Lung specimens were collected, and followed by pathogen detection using PCR technique. Rodent borne disease was monitored in small mammal populations at frontier ports. Results In total 885 small mammal hosts were captured, the average density of small mammal hosts was 0.58%. The predominant species were Suncus murinus (47.68%) and Rattus norvegicus (33.67%). Xenopsylla cheopisi was collected. The flea-carrying rate was 0.79% and the flea index was 0.03. A total of 839 lung specimens were collected and SEO-type Hantavirus were positive in 10 entry-exit ports (positive rate: 2.74% ). The Hantavirus-carrying rate in R. tanezumi was the highest (7.45%). There were no significant differences of virus-carrying rate in four types of frontier ports. No Y. pestis was found. Conclusion The average density of small mammals was lower than control threshold and no plague infection was found among small mammals, but there were R. tanezumi and X. cheopisi, and high Hantavirus-carrying rate were found in several entry-exit ports. Prevention measures should be taken into consideration to prevent the rodent-borne diseases.