目的 探究新疆阿拉山口艾比湖湿地蜱的种类、季节消长规律及其分子特征,为阿拉山口艾比湖湿地蜱的分类研究以及蜱传疾病的科学防控提供依据。方法 采用布旗法和动物体表搜集法在阿拉山口禾角克边防连、乌兰达布森管护站、艾比湖湿地国家自然保护区石头房子3个采样点,自2014年4-8月连续采集蜱,对采集蜱种进行形态学鉴定,并选取代表蜱种进行线粒体16S rDNA序列扩增与测序分析。结果 共采集蜱434只,其中游离蜱392只,寄生蜱42只;经体视显微镜形态学鉴定,采集样本为1科4属(扇头蜱属、璃眼蜱属、革蜱属、血蜱属)7种(亚洲璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱、银盾革蜱、血红扇头蜱、图兰扇头蜱、囊形扇头蜱、短垫血蜱);艾比湖湿地优势蜱种为亚洲璃眼蜱、边缘革蜱;蜱活动高峰集中在5-6月,革蜱属最高峰出现在5月,亚洲璃眼蜱为6月;线粒体16S rDNA PCR测序比对结果显示,边缘革蜱与新疆石河子注册的KF547986同源性在96%~100%,亚洲璃眼蜱与新疆伊犁注册的KF527439同源性在98%~99%,血红扇头蜱与以色列注册的KF219732同源性在93%~94%。结论 首次在艾比湖湿地发现图兰扇头蜱和囊形扇头蜱;在国际上首次对短垫血蜱16S rDNA序列进行了分析和报道,该蜱与美国Haemaphysalis cretica同源性最高(91.0%);艾比湖湿地地区边缘革蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱、血红扇头蜱16S rDNA存在多样性,来自不同蜱种遗传分支。

Objective To investigate tick species and abundance in different sampling seasons, and explore the ticks' molecular characteristics in Aibi Lake, Alashankou Pass, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for providing the reference for the tick classification as well as prevention and control of tick-borne diseases. Methods During April to August in 2014, questing ticks were collected by dragging-flag method, and blood feeding ticks were collected from wild and domestic animals at Hejiaoke, Wulandabusen and the naturally preserve of Aibi Lake, Xinjiang, Northwest of China. The morphological and 16S rDNA identification were carried out based on representative ticks. Results We collected 434 ticks including 392 questing ticks and 42 blood feeding ticks, which including Hyalomma asiaticum, Dermacentor marginatus, D. niveus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rh. turanicus, Rh. bursa and Haemaphysalis erinacei. The predominant tick species of Aibi Lake are H. asiaticum and D. marginatus. Their peak seasons were in May (Dermacentor) and June (Hyalomma). Blast analysis of 16S rDNA indicated that D. marginatus had 96%-100% identities compared with that of the ticks from Shihezi (KF547986), and that H. asiaticum was 98%-99% identical to Yili (KF527439), while Rh. sanguineus possessed 93%-94% identities with Israel (KF219732). Conclusion Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rh. bursa for the first time were found in Aibi Lake. 16S rDNA sequence of H. erinacei was reported for the first time, and was 91% identical to H. cretica. 16S rDNA of D. marginatus, H. asiaticum and Rh. sanguineus showed genetic divergence in Aibi Lake, which conveyed us that these tick species originated from different lineages.