目的 掌握青岛市狂犬病暴露后预防处置(PEP)门诊建设现状与服务能力。方法 对青岛市级卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊全部调查,区(市)和乡(镇)机构的门诊分别随机抽查4/5和1/4以上,内容包括人力资源、设置区域、主要必备物品和服务能力。数据录入用Excel 2007软件,χ²检验用Epi Info 6.04软件。结果 每个门诊人数在2～39人之间,平均12.54人。兼职人员占总数的83.73%。医师与护士人数之比为1:1.13。外科和全科医师占医师总数的90.85%。有执业证护士占93.07%。门诊设置在1个科室和区域的占64.00%。所有被调查门诊均有消毒乙醇和碘酒,98.00%有应急抢救药品,90.00%使用冷链,74.00%有体重秤,84.00% 24 h开诊,均能进行局部伤口处理和注射狂犬病疫苗,50.00%开展狂犬病免疫球蛋白注射。市级机构门诊好于其他门诊。结论 青岛市不同级别卫生机构的狂犬病PEP门诊建设与服务能力差别明显,一些区(市)级和乡(镇)卫生机构的狂犬病门诊建设应当加强。

Objective To master the current situation of infrastructure and service ability of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) clinics in Qingdao. Methods All PEP clinics in municipal health institutions were investigated and over four-fifths in district or county-level institutions and more than one fourth in township health centers were randomly sampled. The contents included human resources, area settings, main necessary materials and facilities and service ability. Excel 2007 was used for data entry and Epi Info 6.04 for Chi-square test. Results There were 2 to 39 staff in each PEP clinic with the average of 12.54 of all, and part-timers accounted for 83.73%. The number ratio of doctors to nurses was 1:1.13. Surgeons and general practitioners totally constituted 90.85% of all doctors, nurses having licenses accounted for 93.07%. Of all clinics, 64.00% were within one department or single area, 100% had sterilizing alcohol and iodine tincture, 98.00% had emergency rescue medicine, 90.00% used a cold chain, 74.00% had a weight scale, 84.00% were open for 24 hours a day. All were able to treat the topical wounds and vaccinate, and 50.00% of which administered rabies immunoglobulin. The clinics in municipal health institutions were better than the other ones. Conclusion There were significant differences in infrastructure and service ability among rabies PEP clinics in different-level health institutions in Qingdao. The construction of some clinics in district, county-level and township health institutions should be strengthened.