目的 研究上海市中心城区成蝇种群的季节变化与监测环境分布规律,掌握时间与空间分布信息,为蝇类防控提供依据。方法 选择上海市中心城区2个公园和1个居民区作为成蝇监测点,于2013年3月下旬至11月下旬采用笼诱法进行成蝇捕捉并鉴定分析。结果 上海市中心城区公园环境成蝇密度显著高于居民区环境(Z=-2.870,P=0.002);居民区与公园环境尽管均以丽蝇科占优势(构成比分别达到64.14%、73.99%和54.91%),但优势蝇种的组成结构不尽相同,居民区环境优势蝇种为巨尾阿丽蝇和丝光绿蝇,构成比分别为20.11%和14.55%,而公园环境为大头金蝇和亮绿蝇,构成比分别为23.43%和15.17%。季节分布上,不同蝇种的高峰期和分布趋势差异明显,大头金蝇和亮绿蝇呈单峰趋势,而丝光绿蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇和元厕蝇呈双峰趋势。结论 上海市城区卫生环境的大力改善对减少居民区环境蝇类孳生起到了重要作用,但公园环境的蝇类侵害依然不容忽视。上海市城区的蝇类侵害以金蝇、绿蝇等丽蝇科为主,蝇类防控措施应围绕该类优势蝇种开展以消灭孳生地为主的综合防治。

Objective To investigate the seasonal variation and geographical distribution of different fly species in downtown Shanghai. Methods Conducted fly surveillance during March to November of 2013 in 2 parks and 1 residential area in Huangpu district, and then did identification and classification. Results The fly density in park environment was significantly higher than residential environment (Z=-2.870, P=0.002). Although shared the same dominant family of Calliphoridae, the flies species compositions were different between the 2 kinds of environments, Chrysomya megacephala was the predominant fly species in parks (composition ratio is 23.43%) and Lucilia sericata was the predominant one in residential (composition ratio is 20.11%). Different fly species showed different seasonal peaks and distribution trends, C. megacephala and Lucilia (s. str.) illustris had the unimodal trend,while L. sericata, Aldrichina grahami and Fannia prisca showed the bimodal trend. Conclusion The study suggests the work of fly prevention and control in downtown Shanghai should focus on the predominant Calliphoridae, such as genera of Lucilia and Chrysomya.