目的 掌握大沙鼠的分布特征及活动规律, 为提高疫情监测水平提供基础资料。方法 采用弓形夹法昼夜捕鼠, 单只装袋, 送实验室梳检体外寄生物进行鉴定;路线洞群法调查大沙鼠种群分布, 观察活动规律及综合分析。结果 在新疆北部边境11个口岸中5个有大沙鼠分布, 从新疆最西端, 东经80°37', 北纬43°40'的都拉塔口岸到东经82°48', 北纬46°41'的克图口岸, 特别是阿拉山口及两翼区密度最高, 在新疆东部东经93°20'31", 北纬44°14'32"的老爷庙口岸是近年来新发现的大沙鼠分布区。发现大沙鼠不仅与野栖鼠类混居, 也与家栖鼠类、媒介交换转移。在大沙鼠分布口岸平均捕获率为3.2%, 染蚤率为89.6%, 蚤指数为14.0, 在中哈边境地区大沙鼠的主要传播媒介是臀突客蚤, 而在东部中蒙口岸为簇鬃客蚤。同时调查了大沙鼠年度季节性、日间活动规律, 洞群、筑巢、栖息、觅食特征等。结论 大沙鼠是中哈、中蒙口岸周边地区的优势种, 根据分布特征和活动规律, 为指导、提高疫情监测水平提供了基础资料。

Objective To grasp the Rhombomys opimus distribution characteristics and activity patterns, and to provide basic information to improve epidemic monitoring. Methods Circadian clamps of catching mice, single bagging seized ectoparasites identified routes caverns law sent to the laboratory survey observed activity patterns and comprehensive analysis of the R. opimus population distribution. Results In 11 ports in northern Xinjiang border five R. opimus population distribution, accounting for 66.7% of the entire ports in northern Xinjiang, the westernmost Xinjiang, longitude 80°37', latitude 43°40'are Lata port to longitude 82°48'north latitude and 46°41'Timbuktu port, especially in the highest density of Alashankou and two wings district, Xinjiang eastern longitude 93°20'31"north latitude and 44°14'32" port of Laoyemiao recent new found R. opimus distribution area. Found that the great gerbil not only mixed with wild rodents in vector exchange transfer. In the R. opimus distribution crossings average capture rate of 3.2%, 89.6% of the dye flea rate, the flea index 14.0, the major media in the border areas of the western region of Xinjiang and Kazakhstan R. opimus Xenopsylla minax in eastern Mongolia ports X. skrjabini. And describes the R. opimus annual seasonal, day activity patterns, caverns, nesting habitat, foraging characteristics. Conclusion The R. opimus in Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, the dominant species in the port vicinity, according to the distribution of the characteristics and activities of the law, to provide basic information to guide and improve epidemic monitoring.