目的 探索和分析同一区域不同季节及不同昼夜监测时段蚊虫种群动态的差异性。方法 选取中心城区蚊虫较容易出现的公园和绿化区域环境类型(上海市人民广场及人民公园区域), 按照地理分布设置5个监测点, 每天分为3个连续时段, 连续224 d采用CO₂诱捕法进行成蚊监测。结果 上海市城区中心地带不同蚊种的月份分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=187.923, P<0.01), 淡色库蚊为最优势蚊种[13.35只(/d·台)];季节分布, 淡色库蚊高峰期分布于5－6月[19.93和28.19只(/d·台)], 白纹伊蚊和三带喙库蚊高峰期在7月[10.77和8.79只(/d·台)];昼夜节律方面, 成蚊密度在3个时段的分布由高到低依次为夜晚和清晨时段(20:00至次日08:00)、傍晚时段(16:30－20:00)和白天时段(08:00－16:30);白天时段白纹伊蚊为优势种(构成比为65.70%), 其他2个时段淡色库蚊为优势种(构成比分别为78.14%和66.05%)。结论 不同季节及不同昼夜时段成蚊密度和种群构成差异有统计学意义, 原因主要由不同成蚊的生态习性决定, 研究中还发现较多与文献记载存在明显差异的现象, 认为可能与上海市的城市环境及城市光污染有关, 该影响因素有待进一步验证。

Objective To explore the mosquito population dynamics in different seasons and mosquito circadian rhythm in different periods of a day. Methods Conduct more than 224-days'continuous monitoring of adult mosquitoes by CO₂ trapping method to get the adult mosquito data in five different monitoring-sites in Shanghai People's Square and People's Park region. Results The monthly-distribution of mosquito species was significantly different in downtown Shanghai. As the most dominant mosquito species, Culex pipiens pallens reached an average density of 13.35 pcs/(day·site), and peaked in May and June (19.93 and 28.19 pcs/day·site, respectively); Aedes albopictus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus both peaked in July (10.77 and 8.79 pcs/day·site, respectively). The circadian rhythm analysis showed that the largest proportion of mosquito appeared in the evening and early morning hours (20:00-08:00a.m.), followed by the nightfall hours (16:30-20:00), and Cx. pipiens pallens was the dominant species in the 2 period (78.14 and 66.05%, respectively); the daytime hours (08:00a.m.-16:30) had the least proportion, whose dominant species was Ae. albopictus (65.70%). Conclusion The monthly-distribution and circadian rhythm were different in mosquito population species and density, which can be attribute to the ecological difference of different mosquito species, but except that, we surmise the special urban environment and urban light pollution should also account for, and which should be confirmed by further study.