目的 对滇西地区室内地面游离蚤进行调查和分析,了解蚤类分布和构成情况,评估蚤媒疾病传播的风险。方法 选择滇西地区10个县(市、区),每县选择4个自然村,每村随机抽取20个家庭,共800个家庭。每户室内放置10个水盘,连续3晚,每日晨捡蚤,显微镜下进行蚤种鉴定,计算捕获率、蚤指数、构成比及雌雄比。结果 800个家庭中,346个家庭(43.25%)捕到地面游离蚤。放置24 000水盘/夜,捕获地面游离蚤2406匹,捕获率为10.03%,蚤指数为0.100;分属3科5属5种,其中人蚤占72.73%。雌雄比为1:0.65。结论 滇西地区室内地面游离蚤中,人蚤为优势蚤种。蚤媒疾病发生的条件与风险仍然存在,应加强蚤情监测,及时采取灭蚤措施,防止蚤媒疾病的发生与流行。

Objective To study and analyze the distribution and composition of floor fleas in households in west of Yunnan province, China, and to evaluate the risk of flea-borne diseases. Methods Ten counties (cities) in west of Yunnan, four villages from each of the county, and twenty households from each of the village were randomly selected, which made a total of 800 households as sampling sites. Ten water-containing plates were placed in each household for three consecutive nights. Fleas were collected every morning and species were identified under a microscope. The capture rate, flea index, species composition, and sex ratio were calculated. Results Of the 800 households, 346 (43.25% ) had floor fleas captured. A total of 24 000 plates were placed per night and 2406 fleas were captured. The capture rate was 10.03% and the flea index was 0.100. There were 5 species, 5 genera, and 3 families identified, and Pulex irritans accounted for 72.73% of all fleas captured. The female-to-male ratio was 1:0.65. Conclusion Among the floor fleas in households in west of Yunnan province, P. irritans is the predominant species. The conducive conditions and risk of flea-borne diseases still exist. To prevent the epidemic of flea-borne diseases, flea surveillance should be strengthened and flea control measures should be promptly taken.