目的　分析青海省海南州鼠疫的流行特征,探讨其鼠疫流行态势,为今后鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。方法　海南州是国家级鼠疫监测点,按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》开展监测工作,收集、汇总2007－2012年海南州境内的鼠疫监测数据和人间鼠疫疫情资料,应用描述流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果　2007、2009年发现3份阳性犬血清,2010年发现4份旱獭阳性血清和1份沙狐阳性血清,滴度最高达到1∶20 480。海南州动物鼠疫一直在流行;兴海县于首次发现鼠疫60年后的2009年再次暴发人间肺鼠疫,说明该地区动物间鼠疫传播给人的风险较大。结论　海南州动物间鼠疫处于活跃状态,人间鼠疫防控态势非常严峻。

Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics and current status of plague in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control in the future. Methods　As a national monitoring station, the plague surveillance was carried out in Hainan prefecture according to the “National Plague Surveillance Programs”. The plague surveillance reports and human plague epidemic reports in Hainan prefecture from 2007 to 2012 were collected and analyzed using the descriptive epidemiological methods. Results　Three positive canine serum samples were found in 2007 and 2009, four positive marmot serum samples and one positive corsac fox serum sample were found in 2010, and the serologic titers were as high as 1∶20 480. These findings revealed the continued emergence of animal plague in Hainan prefecture. There was an outbreak of human pneumonic plague in 2009 since the first plague reported 60 years ago in Xinghai county, Hainan prefecture, which indicated a high risk of plague transmission from animals to humans in this region. Conclusion　The animal plague epidemic is still active in Hainan prefecture, and the plague prevention and control face a great challenge in this area.