目的　了解青藏铁路沿线近10年来鼠疫流行态势,为今后鼠疫防治工作提供科学依据。方法　收集2003－2013年青藏铁路沿线鼠疫监测结果和人间鼠疫疫情处置资料,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果　2003－2013年青藏铁路青海省境内沿线动物鼠疫主要发生在格尔木市唐古拉山乡、天峻、乌兰等地区,共分离鼠疫菌69株;检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清86份。发生人间鼠疫疫情7起,发病7例,死亡3例。结论　青藏铁路沿线青海段鼠疫防治总体形势较为严峻。在该沿线重点区域每年动物间鼠疫流行仍持续活跃;人间鼠疫时有发生,主要与非法猎捕旱獭有关。

Objective　To investigate the epidemic of plague in the past 10 years along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in future. Methods　The monitoring results and clinical data for the human plague epidemic along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2003 to 2013 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results　The emergence of plague in both animals and humans mainly occurred in the areas of Geermu (Tanggulashan Township), Tianjun, and Wulan in the Qinghai section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2003 to 2013. Sixty-nine strains of Yersinia pestis and 86 sera with positive F1 antibody were detected in these areas; 7 cases of human plague occurred, and 3 cases died. Conclusion　Serious epidemic of plague remains in the Qinghai section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Frequent occurrence of plague between animals and sporadic human plague epidemic are mainly related to illegal marmot hunting in these key areas.