目的 探讨自毙鼠在长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地监测中的作用,为动物间鼠疫监测及预警提供指导。 方法 收集整理宁夏回族自治区2001－2010年长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地各县(区)监测点的数据和资料。夜行鼠调查采用5 m夹线法,长爪沙鼠调查采用坑式布夹法。结果 2001－2010年共捕获野鼠8675只,隶属5科7属15种,以长爪沙鼠和子午沙鼠为优势种群。10年来动物间鼠疫共发生4年次流行,其中自毙鼠检菌阳性率高达61.54%,捕获鼠检菌率为2.31/万,建立了宁夏2001－2010年沙鼠鼠疫疫源地基础信息数据库。结论 自毙鼠在沙鼠鼠疫疫源地的发现,是动物鼠疫流行的早期迹象。

Objective To analyze the role of self-dead rodents in monitoring the Meriones unguiculatus natural foci of plague, and to provide guidance for the surveillance and early warning of animal plague. Methods The data and information collected during 2001 to 2010 from all monitoring sites of M. unguiculatus plague foci in the counties and districts of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were analyzed. The survey of nocturnal rodents and gerbils used the 5-meter clamp method and the pit-and-clip method, respectively. Results From 2001 to 2010, a total of 8675 wild rats were captured, belonging to 5 families, 7 genera, and 15 species, with M. unguiculatus and M. libycus being the predominant species. There were four annual animal plague epidemics within the 10-year period. The detection rate of bacteria in self-dead rodents was 61.54%, compared with 2.31/10 000 in the captured rodents. The database of M. unguiculatus plague foci in Ningxia from 2001 to 2010 was established based on those information. Conclusion Emergence of self-dead rodents in M. unguiculatus plague foci is an early sign of animal plague epidemic.