目的 研究农村城镇化后不同生境鼠类的群落结构,为开展鼠害的科学治理提供基础依据。方法 采用夹夜法调查农村城镇化后鼠类的群落结构,每个样区布放300个夹夜,夹距5 m,夹线间距50 m以上,鼠夹晚放晨收。结果 农村城镇化后,城镇与农田结合部成为鼠类最重要的栖息环境,家栖鼠类的数量和生物量大幅度增加,野栖鼠类的优势度明显下降,主要表现为:在城镇和农田结合部,褐家鼠为第一优势鼠种和危害最大的害鼠;在离开城镇500 m的农田,黄毛鼠为第一优势鼠种,其次为褐家鼠,板齿鼠、褐家鼠和黄毛鼠是危害最大的害鼠;而在离城镇2 km的农田,黄毛鼠为第一优势鼠种,其次为小家鼠,黄毛鼠和板齿鼠是危害最大的害鼠。结论 农村城镇化间接为鼠害的发生提供了有利条件,引起农田鼠类群落发生一定程度的改变,必须针对这种变化趋势加强鼠害的可持续治理工作。

Objective To investigate the influence of urbanization on the structure of rodent community in different habitats in the rural areas, and to provide a scientific support for carrying out rodent control. Methods Night trapping method was used to investigate rodent community structure in the rural areas after urbanization. Three hundred traps were set in each sample region. The distance between traps was 5 m and the interval between survey lines was above 50 m. Traps were placed at dawn and collected in dusk. Results The urban-rural encroaching zone became the most important habitat for rodents after urbanization. The number and biomass of house mice increased greatly, while the dominance of voles significantly decreased. In the urban-rural encroaching zone, Rattus norvegicus was the most predominant species and the most pestiferous rodent. In the farmland 500 m away from the town, R. losea was the most predominant rodent and R. norvegicus was the secondary; Bandicota indica, R. norvegicus, and R. losea were the most pestiferous rodents. In the farmland 2 km away from the town, R. losea was the most predominant rodent and Mus musculus was the secondary; R. losea and B. indica were the most pestiferous rodents. Conclusion Urbanization indirectly provides favorable conditions for rodent infestation, with some changes in farmland rodent community. Sustainable management should be strengthened in the face of such changes.