目的 通过对云南省普洱市南部山区小型兽类的调查,进一步完善和补充当地小兽组成及分布资料。方法 2011－2012年,以普洱市南部的思茅、澜沧、孟连、江城4县(区)作为调查空间范围,选择19个乡镇作为调查点,应用小兽捕夹在海拔700~2000 m之间共6个海拔梯度带(以Ⅰ~Ⅵ标示)及5种主要栖息环境(以A~E标示)进行小型兽类的调查取样,数据采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行分析。结果 共捕获小型兽类3目(含啮齿目、食虫目、攀鼩目)5科11属21种共787只。其中,优势种有黄胸鼠(占30.24%)、屋顶鼠华南亚种(占19.95%)和长尾大麝鼩指名亚种(占10.04%)。小兽属、种丰富度地理分布总体上呈现由东向西逐步升高的趋势。各垂直带中,Ⅰ带(700 m~)3科5属11种,Ⅱ带(900 m~)4科10属14种,Ⅲ带(1100 m~)5科 9属17种,Ⅳ带(1300 m~)4科4属7种,Ⅴ带(1500 m~)5科7属13种,Ⅵ带(1700 m~)4科7属12种。比较发现,在海拔1000 m左右的Ⅱ带和Ⅲ带垂直带小兽的科、属、种的丰富度相对较高。各类型栖息环境方面,A类阔叶林4科8属13种,B类阔叶林间耕作地5科11属19种,C类山地耕作区4科10属17种,D类灌丛4科4属5种,E类林间茶园3科6属9种;相对而言,阔叶林间耕作地物种丰富度较高。结论 普洱市南部山区小兽属、种丰富度的地理分布总体上呈现由东向西呈逐步升高的趋势,优势种黄胸鼠不仅数量多且空间分布能力较强;结果提示不同物种对环境的选择、取向及其空间资源利用能力之间有差异。

Objective To investigate the species composition and spatial distribution of small mammals in the mountainous region of southern Pu'er, Yunnan province, China. Methods During 2011 to 2012, a field survey was carried out at 19 villages and towns in four counties (districts) in southern Pu'er, i.e., Simao, Lancang, Menglian, and Jiangcheng. Small mammals were captured with small beast traps in an altitude range of 700-2000 m, covering six altitude gradient belts (Ⅰ-Ⅵ) and five major habitats (A-E). The richness of animal species, genera, and families was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Results A total of 787 individual small mammals were captured and classified into 21 species of 11 genera, which belonged to 5 families of 3 orders, i.e., Rodentia, Insectivora, and Scandentia. Of these, the predominant species were Rattus tanezumi (30.24%), R. brunneusculus sladeni (19.95%), and Crocidura dracula dracula (10.04%). Geologically, the richness of small mammal genera and species presented a gradually increasing trend from east to west. In different vertical zones, there were 11 species (5 genera, 3 families) of small mammals in belt Ⅰ (700 m-), 14 species (10 genera, 4 families) in belt Ⅱ (900 m-), 17 species (9 genera, 5 families) in belt Ⅲ (1100 m-), 7 species (4 genera, 4 families) in belt Ⅳ (1300 m-), 13 species (7 genera, 5 families) in belt Ⅴ (1500 m-), and 12 species (7 genera, 4 families) in belt Ⅵ ( 1700 m-). By comparison, the richness of small mammal species, genera, and families was higher in belts Ⅱ and Ⅲ (around 1000 m) than in the other belts. In the major habitats, there were 13 species (8 genera, 4 families) of small mammals in type A broadleaf forest, 19 species (11 genera, 5 families) in type B farmland in broadleaf forest, 17 species (10 genera, 4 families) in type C mountainous farming area, 5 species (4 genera, 4 families) in type D shrubbery, and 9 species (6 genera, 3 families) in type E forest tea-growing area. Among different habitats, the richness of animal genera and species was the highest in the farmland in broadleaf forest. Conclusion The richness of small mammal genera and species presents a gradually increasing trend from east to west in the mountainous region of southern Pu'er, Yunnan. Among the 21 species of small mammals, R. tanezumi occurs as the predominant species with strong spatial distribution ability. There exist certain differences between different small mammal species in their selection and orientation of the environment as well as the ability of space resource utilization.