目的 调查高原鼢鼠寄生蚤种类,在种群水平分析蚤的组成和空间分布,为进一步明确高原鼢鼠寄生蚤的区系特征提供科学依据。方法 用鼢鼠死捕弓箭诱捕鼢鼠,梳检每只鼢鼠的所有寄生蚤,在实验室进行种类鉴定和统计分析。结果 在18个样点中共捕获高原鼢鼠282只,其中染蚤鼠203只,总染蚤率为71.99%;共检获体表寄生蚤835匹,总体蚤指数为2.96匹/只;聚类分析显示,所有样点聚成3大支系,其中A支系副规新蚤占优势,B支系鞍新蚤占优势,C支系感染的总蚤数最少。结论 副规新蚤在青海湖周边占绝对优势,青海省东南部地区是鞍新蚤特有的分布区,黄河并未对寄生蚤的区系产生影响。
Objective To investigate the species composition and geographic distribution of fleas on plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi) and consequently to clarify the fauna of zokor fleas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Methods Ground arrows were used to kill E. baileyi, and all fleas on the zokors were collected by combing and were then identified in the laboratory and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 282 E. baileyi were captured from 18 sampling sites, and 203 (71.99%) of them were infected by one or more fleas. A total of 835 fleas were collected, with a total flea index of 2.96 individuals per host. The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the 18 sites into 3 main clades. Clade A was dominated by Neopsylla paranoma; clade B was dominated by N. sellaris; clade C had the fewest flea individuals. Conclusion The area around the Qinghai Lake is dominated by N. paranoma, the southeastern area of Qinghai province is a unique region for N. sellaris, and the Yellow River seems to have little influence on the fauna of fleas on E. baileyi.
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