目的 了解深圳市病媒生物的种类及其季节消长规律, 为控制病媒生物的危害提供科学依据。方法 按照《全国病媒生物监测方案(试行)》设置监测点, 分别采用鼠笼法、诱蚊灯法、笼诱法、粘捕法调查鼠、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊的种类和密度。结果 鼠类平均密度为3.21%, 较2011年平均密度上升了154.76%, 鼠总蚤指数为0.85, 较2011年鼠总蚤指数下降了24.00%, 优势鼠种为褐家鼠, 占捕获总数的86.64%;蚊类平均密度为11.52 只/灯, 较2011年平均密度下降了30.77%, 优势蚊种为致倦库蚊, 占捕获总数的97.61%;蝇类平均密度为11.06只/笼, 较2011年平均密度上升了244.55%, 优势蝇种为大头金蝇, 占捕获总数的46.47%;蜚蠊平均密度为1.09只/盒, 较2011年平均密度上升了4.81%, 侵害率为14.41%, 优势种为德国小蠊, 占捕获总数的96.02%。蚊、蝇、蜚蠊、鼠密度高峰值分别为4、5、9和8月, 鼠类密度全年捕获率均＞1%。结论 摸清了深圳市病媒生物的基本情况, 为该地区制定科学合理的病媒生物防制方案积累了基础数据。

Objective To investigate the species of vectors and their seasonal fluctuation in Shenzhen, China and to provide a scientific basis for controlling the vectors in Shenzhen. Methods Surveillance sites were set according to the “National Plan for the Surveillance of Biological Vector (Trial)”. The squirrel?cage method, mosquito lamp method, cage trap method, and sticky trap method were used to determine the species and population densities of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Results The average rodent population density was 3.21%, and increase of 154.76% as compared with the value in 2011; the total flea index was 0.85, a decrease of 24.00% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Rattus norvegicus accounted for 86.64% of all captured rodents. The average mosquito population density was 11.52 mosquitoes/lamp, decreasing by 30.77% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus accounted for 97.61% of all captured mosquitoes. The average fly population density was 11.06 flies/cage, increasing by 244.55% as compared with the value in 2011; As the dominant species, Chrysomya megacephala accounted for 46.47% of all captured flies. The average cockroach population density was 1.09 cockroaches/box, increasing by 4.81% as compared with the value in 2011, and the infestation rate was 14.41%; As the dominant species, Blattella germanica accounted for 96.02% of all captured cockroaches. The population density peaks of mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, and rodents appeared in April, May, September, and August, respectively. The rodent capture rate was above 1% in each month throughout the year. Conclusion The general information on common disease vectors in Shenzhen has been gathered, which provides baseline data for the development of effective vector control strategies.