目的 研究德国小蠊、美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊的食量情况及温度和食物类型对其食量的影响。方法 以高碳水化合物、高蛋白质和高脂肪食品为材料,观察蜚蠊不同温度下对它们的取食情况,然后统计分析温度对取食的影响。结果 对含水量5.70%的一般淀粉食物,在8、16和32 ℃时,3种蜚蠊的单只日平均食量德国小蠊雌性为(2.10±0.28)、(8.47±0.57)、(8.69±0.58)mg/d,雄性为(1.76±0.67)、(7.04±1.25)、(4.51±0.20)mg/d;美洲大蠊雌性为(25.78±1.31)、(65.56±13.73)、(142.94±13.00)mg/d,雄性为(17.67±5.31)、(32.94±4.82)、(76.81±7.55)mg/d;黑胸大蠊雌性为(32.07±10.02)、(46.90±8.42)、(92.46±7.77)mg/d,雄性为(15.38±2.15)、(17.21±2.26)、(50.61±3.05)mg/d。德国小蠊高龄若虫、雌成虫和雄成虫对不同类型食物的单只日平均食量花生为(1.78±1.03)、(1.06±0.61)、(0.50±0.29)mg/d,肉松为(2.04±1.18)、(1.54±0.89)、(0.58±0.34)mg/d,红枣为(2.53±1.46)、(1.73±1.00)、(0.71±0.41)mg/d。结论 德国小蠊的食量随温度上升呈现抛物线形式先增后减,黑胸大蠊和美洲大蠊则呈线性递增;德国小蠊对高淀粉类的食品取食量最大,高蛋白食品次之,高脂食品最小,且进食量大小依次为高龄若虫＞雌成虫＞雄成虫。

Objective To study the food intakes of Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, and Periplaneta fuliginosa and the effects of temperature and food types on their food intakes. Methods High carbohydrate food, high protein food, and high fat food were provided for the three species of cockroaches; the food intakes of cockroaches were observed at different temperatures, and the effect of temperature on food intakes was statistically analyzed. Results For common starch food (water content 5.70%), the average daily food intakes of each cockroach (mg/d ) at 8 ℃, 16 ℃, and 32 ℃ were as follows: 2.10±0.28, 8.47±0.57, and 8.69±0.58 for female B. germanica, and 1.76±0.67, 7.04±1.25, and 4.51±0.20 for male B. germanica; 25.78±1.31, 65.56±13.73, and 142.94±13.00 for female P. americana, and 17.67±5.31, 32.94±4.82, and 76.81±7.55 for male P. americana; 32.07±10.02, 46.90±8.42, and 92.46±7.77 for female P. fuliginosa, and 15.38±2.15, 17.21±2.26, and 50.61±3.05 for male P. fuliginosa. For B. germanica, the average daily food intakes (mg/d) of each late instar nymph, female adult, and male adult were as follows: 1.78±1.03, 1.06±0.61, and 0.50±0.29 for peanuts, 2.04±1.18, 1.54±0.89, and 0.58±0.34 for dried meat floss, and 2.53±1.46, 1.73±1.00, and 0.71±0.41 for red dates. Conclusion As temperature increases, the food intake of B. germanica first increases and then decreases, showing a parabolic pattern, while the food intakes of P. americana and P. fuliginosa increase linearly. B. germanica has the highest intake for high starch food, followed by high-protein food, and had the lowest intake for high-fat food; for each food, the food intake was the highest in late?instar nymphs, followed by female adults and male adults.