目的 研究湖沼型血吸虫病流行区控制家畜传染源对垸外感染性钉螺的控制效果,为制定防治策略及干预措施提供参考。方法 在湖南、湖北省3个典型的湖沼型地区选取15个乡镇21个血吸虫病流行村,调查家畜传染源控制前后垸外钉螺感染状况及其控制效果,应用logistic逐步回归法分析钉螺阳性率与相关影响因素的关系。结果 2009－2011年累计调查564户家畜4077头次、垸外钉螺面积10 624.51 hm2、有螺洲滩野粪污染14处130.73 hm2,结果显示,钉螺阳性率与家畜感染率(r＝0.832,P＜0.01)及野粪阳性率(r＝0.903,P＜0.01)有高度相关关系。采取家畜传染源控制措施后,家畜、钉螺和野粪感染(阳性)率分别下降了74.90%、92.42%和84.51%。结论 结合当地经济发展,因地制宜地采取以家畜传染源控制为主的综合性防治措施,对控制垸外感染性钉螺具有重要作用。

Objective To study the role of controlling livestock infection in management of infected Oncomelania hupensis outside embankment in the schistosomiasis endemic areas (lakes and marshlands) and to provide a reference for control strategy and measures. Methods Twenty-one schistosomiasis endemic villages were selected from 15 towns in the 3 typical lake and marshland areas in Hunan and Hubei provinces. The infection of O. hupensis outside embankment was investigated before and after controlling the source of livestock infection, and the control effect was evaluated. Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between positive rate of O. hupensis and related impact factors. Results From 2009 to 2011, 4077 domestic animals from 564 households and 10 624.51 hm2 of habitats for O. hupensis, including 14 sites (130.73 hm2) polluted by littered stool of livestock were investigated. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the positive rate of O. hupensis and the infection rate of livestock (r＝0.832, P＜0.01) and positive rate of littered stool (r＝0.903, P＜0.01). The infection (positive) rates of livestock, O. hupensis and littered stool decreased by 74.90%, 92.42% and 84.51%, respectively, after controlling the source of livestock infection. Conclusion Appropriate integrated control measures based on controlling the source of livestock infection can play an important role in controlling infected O. hupensis outside embankment.