目的 为预防害鼠随青藏铁路出入西藏自治区(西藏),并造成对西藏和内地的危害,防止鼠疫等鼠传疾病随铁路流行,对青藏铁路沿线那曲段草场鼠类群落组成及密度进行调查。方法 在青藏铁路沿线的那曲、安多县和附近的班戈、聂荣、比如及嘉黎县草场,安多县河川草地及那曲县香茂乡青藏铁路护坡和农舍采用夹日法调查。结果 草场共收回有效夹1828夹,捕鼠145只,另53只鼠残体,捕获率为10.83%,其中捕获鼠2种,加上河川草地捕获鼠2种,及观察到鼠1种,草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,另有少量的长尾仓鼠、白尾松田鼠和喜马拉雅旱獭;铁路护坡捕获高原鼠兔1种,另有1只鼠残体;农舍布放有效夹286夹,捕鼠20只,在青藏铁路沿线的农舍以小家鼠和白尾松田鼠为主要害鼠。草场捕获率以7月那曲县为最高,达30.32%。结论 青藏铁路那曲段草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,青藏铁路沿线的那曲县香茂乡农舍以小家鼠为优势种;未发现褐家鼠和黄胸鼠分布,但需要加强监控;鼠密度高的地方需要治理。

Objective To investigate the community structure and population density of rodents in the Naqu grassland along Qinghai Tibet Railway, Tibet, China and to prevent the invasion of rodents and prevalence of plague along the Qinghai Tibet Railway. Methods The trap-day method was used to investigate the grassland of Naqu county, Anduo county, Bange county, Nierong county, Biru county, and Jiali county along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the river grassland of Anduo county, and the revetment and farmhouses along Qinghai Tibet Railway in Xiangmao village of Naqu county. Results A total of 1828 traps were recovered from the grassland, and 145 rodents, as well as 53 incomplete carcasses of rodents, were captured; the capture rate was 10.83%. Two species of rodents were captured in the grassland; another 2 species were captured in the river grassland, and 1 species was observed. In the grassland, plateau pika was the dominant species, followed by small numbers of Cricetulus longicaudatus, Phaiomys leucurus, and Marmota himalayana. One species of plateau pika, as well as an incomplete arcasses of rodent, was captured in the railway revetment. A total of 286 effective traps were placed in the farmhouses, and 20 rodents were captured. Mus musculus and P. leucurus were the main rodent pests in the farmhouses along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In the grassland, the capture rate was the highest in Naqu county in July, reaching up to 30.32%. Conclusion Plateau pika is the dominant species in the Naqu grassland along Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and M. musculus is the dominant species in the farmhouses in Xiangmao village of Naqu county. No Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi are found in Naqu area. Surveillance should be enhanced to prevent the invasion of rodents along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway; measures should be taken to control rodents where their population density is high.