目的 了解上海洋山口岸输入性蜚蠊种群及组成。方法 标本的展翅处理、雄性外生殖器解剖和SteREO V12解剖镜扫描图片等进行鉴定。结果 2006－2011年上海洋山口岸入境蜚蠊有26属38种。这些蜚蠊来源地域广泛，以亚洲、非洲和美洲为主，占调查总数的89.47%，其中30种为上海市首次截获，8种与人类生活密切相关。结论 上海洋山口岸输入的蜚蠊种类多，来源地广泛，危害风险高，必须加强对入境交通工具、集装箱及货物的检疫查验。

Objective To determine the species composition and originations of imported cockroaches at Shanghai Yangshan port. Methods The imported cockroaches were identified by wing spreading, dissection of male genitalia, and observation of the scanning pictures under SteREO V12 dissecting microscope. Results In total, 38 species of 26 genera of imported cockroaches were identified in Shanghai Yangshan port. These cockroaches were from various places, and 89.47% of them were from Asia, Africa, and America. Thirty species of cockroaches were first intercepted in Shanghai, and 8 species were closely related to human dwellings. Conclusion There are numerous species of imported cockroaches in Shanghai Yangshan port, and they are from various places and very likely to cause public health concern. It is necessary to enhance the quarantine inspection of imported freight.