目的 对鼠疫宿主动物、媒介昆虫及鼠疫疫情进行监测,为及时发现和防控疫情提供科学依据。方法 采用笼日法捕鼠,对捕获的活鼠进行分类鉴定,并采其肝、脾及血清分离鼠疫菌和检测F1抗体;主动搜索不明原因自毙动物及开展疫情监测等以掌握鼠疫疫情情况。结果 家栖鼠主要为黄胸鼠和褐家鼠,野栖鼠主要为黑线姬鼠;室内外平均鼠密度分别为3.19%和2.82%;鼠类平均染蚤率1.89%,总蚤指数为0.0493,鼠体寄生蚤以缓慢细蚤为优势种;活鼠鼠疫血清学抗体和病原学检测结果均为阴性;未发现大批不明原因自毙动物及鼠疫病例。结论 虽然历史疫区的宿主和媒介种类构成保持稳定,密度低,且一直未发现鼠疫疫情,但仍应坚持开展监测工作,及时发现异常信息,采取必要措施,防止人间鼠疫的发生。

Objective To monitor plague host animals, its vectors and plague epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for timely detection, prevention and control of plague epidemic. Methods Live rats were captured with cage traps in the daytime and were then taxonomically identified. The liver, spleen, and serum samples were collected from the rats for isolation of plague bacteria and detection of F1 antibody. The animals with unexplained death were searched for, and epidemic surveillance was conducted. Results TThe dominant species of house rats were Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, and the dominant species of field rats was Apodemus agrarius. The mean rodent densities were 3.19% indoor and 2.82% outdoors. The mean flea-carrying rate of rodents was 1.89%, and the total flea index of rodents was 0.0493. The dominant species of rat fleas was Leptopsylla segnis. The samples from live rats were negative for F1 antibody and pathogens. Plague cases were not found althouth large numbers of animals with unexplained death. Conclusion The species compositions of plague hosts and vectors in historical epidemic areas remain stable with low densities, and plague epidemic has not been found. However, plague surveillance should still be performed for timely detection of abnormal signals and prevention of human cases.