目的 分析舟山海岛地区新型布尼亚病毒感染特征和宿主、媒介的感染情况,为其预防控制提供科学依据。方法 按照卫生部防治指南开展病例监测,在有病例的地区用布旗法和啮齿动物体表捡蜱法相结合的方法捕蜱,每季度采用鼠笼法捕捉鼠形动物,鉴定种类后无菌解剖取肝、脾、肺和血清,提取RNA后,用荧光定量PCR方法进行检测,用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,Excel 2003软件进行统计学分析。结果 岱山县2011-2012年共确诊新型布尼亚病毒感染患者24例,死亡2例;其中男性11例,女性13例;年龄最小47岁,最大85岁,60岁以上发病数占病例总数的70.83%。4例患者有被蜱叮咬史。病例呈散发,有一起家庭聚集性感染病例,一起外地人口进入本地感染病例。采集牛、羊等动物血清25份,野外捕获鼠类111只,布旗法和动物体表捕获法共捕蜱251只,在蜱中检出新型布尼亚病毒核酸阳性。在2例患者血液中分离到2株新布尼亚病毒株,病毒株S基因具有高度同源性,与来源于国内6省新布尼亚病毒的S基因相比具有一定的差异性。结论 岱山县已发现多例发热伴血小板减少综合征病例,而且从蜱中检测到新型布尼亚病毒,迫切需要加强对该疾病研究和监测。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of new Bunia virus infections among hosts and vectors in Zhoushan Island area and to provide scientific evidence for their prevention and control. Methods Case surveillance was performed in accordance with the Ministry of Health Prevention Guide. In places with positive cases, ticks were collected using cloth flag method or from the body of rodents. Murine-like animals were captured every 3-months, using rodent cages; they were identified, and then their liver, spleen, blood, and lung were collected under aseptic conditions; RNA was extracted and subjected to fluorescence quantitative PCR. Twenty-five serum samples of cattle, sheep, and other animals were collected. A database was created using EpiData 3.1, and statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2003. Results In Daishan county, Zhejiang province, China, from 2011 to 2012, 24 human cases of new Bunia virus infection (in 11 males and 13 females) were confirmed, including 2 deaths; the minimum age was 47 years, and the maximum age was 85 years; 70.83% of all cases were aged over 60 years. Four cases had a history of tick bite. These cases were sporadic, with one case of familial clustering of infection and one case of imported infection. A total of 111 rodents were captured in the field, and 251 ticks were collected by either cloth flag method or from the body of animals. New Bunia virus nucleic acid was detected in ticks. Two new Bunia virus strains were isolated from the blood of two human cases; the S genes of virus strains had a high degree of homology, but with some difference from those of new Bunia viruses from six other provinces in China. Conclusion In recent years, there have been many cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Daishan county, and new Bunia virus was detected in ticks. Thus, measures should be taken to enhance the study and surveillance of this disease.