目的 了解上海市中心城区各类学校环境蚊虫侵害水平,评估学生人群发生蚊媒相关疾病的风险。方法 随机选取黄浦区的5所托幼机构、4所小学和3所中学作为调查对象,采取孳生地调查和人诱法成蚊监测结合的方法,分别对各学校6、8月蚊虫侵害状况进行调查分析。结果 2012年8月与6月相比,托幼机构、小学和中学的白纹伊蚊平均密度均出现较大幅度上升(0.25 vs. 0只/30 min·监测点;3.67 vs. 0.92只/30 min·监测点;0.11 vs. 0.06只/30 min·监测点,上升幅度均超过100%),其中8月托幼机构和小学的成蚊密度分别达到0.45和3.67只/30 min·监测点;托幼机构和中小学小型积水孳生地阳性率也有不同程度的增加(47.1% vs. 16.7%;34.5% vs. 28.6%),托幼机构阳性率增加,经χ2检验差异有统计学意义(χ²=3.970,P=0.046)。结论 研究发现,上海市中心城区学校的蚊虫侵害指标和蚊虫孳生地平均阳性数均高于上海市地方标准的相应指标,且暑期出现明显上升趋势;建议教育部门及相关学校应加大校园环境的治理力度,确保师生身体健康。

Objective To investigate the mosquito infestations in different schools in the central urban area of Shanghai, China and to assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases among the students. Methods Five nurseries,4 primary schools, and 3 secondary schools in Huangpu district of Shanghai were randomly selected for investigation. The mosquito infestations in the nurseries and schools in June and August 2012 were evaluated by investigation of mosquito breeding sites and human-baited trapping. Results The mean densities of Aedes albopictus in nurseries, primary schools, and secondary schools were significantly higher in August than in June (0.25 vs. 0 mosquito/30 min·monitoring point; 3.67 vs. 0.92 mosquitoes/30 min·monitoring point; 0.11 vs. 0.06 mosquito/30 min·monitoring point, with over 100% increases when comparing the former with the latter in each pair). In August, the densities of adult mosquitoes in nurseries and primary schools were 0.45 and 3.67 mosquitoes/30 min· monitoring point, respectively; there were also increases in the positive rates of small ponded waters as breeding sites in nurseries and primary and secondary schools (47.1% vs. 16.7%; 34.5% vs. 28.6%), and the positive rate increased significantly in nurseries (χ²=3.970, P=0.046). Conclusion The indices of mosquito infestation and numbers of mosquito breeding sites per school in the central urban area of Shanghai are significantly higher than the local standards, and they show significant increases in summer. It is recommended that the education sector and schools should enhance environmental management in campus and ensure the health of teachers and students.