目的 了解天津市餐饮业德国小蠊侵害程度和特点,以便根据调查数据制定有效的预防控制措施。方法 采用粘捕法监测德国小蠊侵害率、密度和密度指数,在全市18个县(区)共调查540家餐馆。结果 全市餐饮业德国小蠊平均侵害率为43.9%,密度为3.7只/张,密度指数为20.6只/间。操作间、冷荤间、面点间和食品仓库德国小蠊密度较高,主要侵害部位为冰柜散热器、敷料存放柜和面点原料及甜食存放处。城区和乡镇侵害率分别为43.0%和44.8%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中小型和大型餐馆侵害率分别为43.4%和45.1%,差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经营年限<5、5～10、>10年的餐馆侵害率分别为33.9%、57.6%和56.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。单因素logistic回归分析结果表明,经营年限是餐饮业德国小蠊侵害率的影响因素(OR=1.833,P<0.05)。结论 天津市餐饮业德国小蠊侵害较严重,要加强监测,重视早期防制,重点部位是操作间、冷荤间、面点间和食品仓库的冰柜散热器、敷料存放柜和面点原料及甜食存放处。

Objective To investigate the degree and characteristics of Blattella germanica infestation in the restaurants of Tianjin, China and the influential factors, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of cockroach control measures. Methods The infestation rate, population density, and density index of B. germanica were monitored using sticky traps in 540 restaurants in 18 counties or districts of Tianjin. Results The mean infestation rate of B. germanica in the restaurants of Tianjin was 43.9%, and the mean population density and density index were 3.7 individuals/trap and 20.6 individuals/room, respectively. The population density of B. germanica was relatively high in the operating room, cold meat room, pastry room, and food warehouse, where the refrigerator radiator, dressing storage cabinet, and repository of pastry materials and sweets were the main places infested. The infestation rates of B. germanica in urban areas and villages/towns were 43.0% and 44.8%, respectively, without significant difference between them (P>0.05). The infestation rates of B. germanica in small and medium-sized restaurants and large restaurants were 43.4% and 45.1%, respectively, without significant difference between them (P>0.05). The infestation rates of B. germanica in restaurants with an operating period less than 5 years, restaurants with an operating period of 5-10 years, and restaurants with an operating period greater than 10 years were 33.9%, 57.6%, and 56.9%, respectively, with significant differences between them (P<0.01). The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the operating period was an influential factor for the infestation rate of B. germanica in restaurants (OR=1.833, P<0.05). Conclusion The restaurants in Tianjin are heavily infested with B. germanica, so surveillance and early control should be enhanced, particularly at the refrigerator radiator, dressing storage cabinet, and repository of pastry materials and sweets in operating room, cold meat room, pastry room, and food warehouse.