宁夏回族自治区固原市2015－2021年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析2015－2021年宁夏回族自治区（宁夏）固原市肾综合征出血热（HFRS）宿主动物监测资料，掌握该市HFRS宿主动物分布及其感染带病毒情况，为固原市HFRS人间疫情预防控制和预测预警提供依据。方法 2015－2021年在固原市泾源、彭阳、西吉、隆德县和原州区按照《全国肾综合征出血热监测方案》开展春、秋两季野外和居民区监测小型兽类（小兽）工作，采用夹夜法监测小兽密度、分布、种类等特征，同时采集小兽肺和血标本进行汉坦病毒抗原和抗体检测。运用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计数资料以率表示，采用χ²检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2015－2021年固原市共捕获小兽5 515只，小兽平均密度为2.00%，野外小兽密度（2.18%）高于居民区（1.71%），且差异有统计学意义（χ²=55.920，P<0.001）。其中野外不同年份间和各县（区）小兽密度差异均有统计学意义（χ²=991.300、1 202.179，均P<0.001）；泾源县、原州区和隆德县优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠，隆德县优势鼠种由黑线姬鼠转变为褐家鼠，西吉和彭阳县优势鼠种分别是长尾仓鼠和小家鼠。居民区不同年份间和各县（区）小兽密度差异均有统计学意义（χ²=326.600、430.500，均P<0.001），小兽密度普遍在5.00%以下。泾源、西吉、隆德和彭阳县居民区优势鼠种均为小家鼠，原州区为褐家鼠，所占比例逐年上升。2018－2020年泾源和隆德县野外及居民区小兽密度均呈下降趋势，原州区和西吉县仅野外区小兽密度呈下降趋势，彭阳县仅居民区小兽密度呈下降趋势。2021年原州区和隆德县野外及居民区小兽密度较2020年均有不同程度上升，彭阳县野外小兽密度2021年较2020年也有上升，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。7年间小兽感染率（抗体阳性率）是其带病毒率（抗原阳性率）的5.48倍，其中小兽带病毒率泾源县最高（1.05%），小兽感染率隆德县最高（10.61%）；小兽感染率居民区高于野外，且差异有统计学意义（χ²=12.675，P=0.008），仅野外小兽检出汉坦病毒；黑线姬鼠带病毒率（2.94%）高于感染率（1.96%），褐家鼠感染率（3.20%）高于带病毒率（0）。结论近年来固原市小兽密度普遍较低，但近2年出现小幅升高，且野外高于居民区，其中各县（区）野外优势鼠种多为黑线姬鼠，居民区多为小家鼠。提示虽然固原市HFRS宿主动物密度、分布、构成未发生明显变化，但2021年小兽带病毒率和感染率上升明显，仍需警惕人间HFRS疫情暴发流行。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 鼠类, 宿主动物, 监测分析

Abstract: Objective By analyzing the surveillance data of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia), China from 2015 to 2021, to investigate the distribution of host animals of HFRS in Guyuan and their infection with viruses, so as to provide a basis for prevention and control, early warning and prediction of human epidemic in this region. Methods Small mammal trapping in field and residential areas in spring and autumn was carried out annually in accordance with the National Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Monitoring Program in the Jingyuan, Pengyang, Xiji, and Longde Counties and Yuanzhou District of Guyuan from 2015 to 2021. The density, distribution, and species composition were monitored by the night trapping method and analyzed, and the lung and blood specimens of small mammals were collected for antigen and antibody detection. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis, counting data were expressed as rates, and were compared with the Chi-square test (P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference). Results From 2015 to 2021, a total of 5 515 small mammals were captured in Guyuan, with a mean density of 2.00%. The density of small mammals in the field areas (2.18%) was statistically higher than that in the residential areas (1.71%)(χ²=55.920, P<0.001). The density of small mammals was statistically different across years and between different counties (districts) in the field areas (χ²=991.300, 1 202.179, both P<0.001); the dominant rodent species in Jingyuan County, Yuanzhou District, and Longde County were Apodemus agrarius, the dominant rodent species changed from A. agrarius to Rattus norvegicus in Longde county, and the dominant rodent species in Xiji County and Pengyang County were Cricetulus longicaudatus and Mus musculus, respectively. The density of small mammals was statistically different across years and between different counties (districts) in the residential areas (χ²=326.600, 430.500, both P<0.001), and the density of small mammals was generally below 5%. The dominant rodent species in Jingyuan, Xiji, Longde, and Pengyang were all M. musculus, and the dominant rodent species in Yuanzhou was R. norvegicus, with the proportion increased year by year. From 2018 to 2020, the density of small mammals showed a downward trend in the field and residential areas of Jingyuan and Longde, the field areas of Yuanzhou and Xiji, and the residential areas of Pengyang. The density of small animals increased statistically from 2020 to 2021 in the field and residential areas of Yuanzhou and Longde and in the field areas of Pengyang (all P<0.05). The infection rate (antibody positivity rate) of small mammals was 5.48 times the virus-carrying rate (antigen positivity rate) in the 7-year period; the virus-carrying rate of small animals was highest in Jingyuan County (1.05%), and the infection rate of small mammals was highest in Longde County (10.61%). The infection rate of small mammals in residential areas was statistically higher than that in field areas (χ²=12.675, P=0.008), while Hantavirus carrying of small mammals was only detected in the field areas. The virus-carrying rate of A. agrarius (2.94%) was higher than its infection rate (1.96%), and the infection rate of R. norvegicus (3.20%) was higher than its virus-carrying rate (0). Conclusions In recent years, the density of small mammals in Guyuan of Ningxia was generally low, but showed a slight increasing trend in the past two years; the density in the field areas was higher than that in the residential areas. The dominant rodent species were mostly A. agrarius in the field areas and M. musculus in the residential areas. The virus-carrying rate and infection rate of rodents increased significantly in 2021, suggesting that although the density, distribution, and composition of host animals of HFRS in Guyuan of Ningxia have not changed significantly, we still need to be vigilant for outbreaks of human epidemics.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Rodent, Host animal, Surveillance analysis

中图分类号:

R373.32
S443

李涛, 李红, 詹军, 龚瑞, 李海军. 宁夏回族自治区固原市2015－2021年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(1): 14-20.

LI Tao, LI Hong, ZHAN Jun, GONG Rui, LI Hai-jun. Surveillance and analysis of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, 2015-2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(1): 14-20.

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