National surveillance report on ticks in China, 2019
WU Hai-xia, LIU Xiao-bo, YUE Yu-juan, REN Dong-sheng, WANG Jun, ZHAO Chun-chun, LI Gui-chang, ZHAO Ning, SONG Xiu-ping, LIU Qi-yong
State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Vector Surveillance and Management, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
Abstract：Objective To investigate the density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks captured from human habitats and body surfaces of domestic animals in China, and to provide a basis for the risk assessment and scientific prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of ticks were collected from 45 surveillance sites in the national vector surveillance system in China, 2019. The dominant tick species was analyzed, and the density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were compared between different habitats, hosts, and provinces. Results Among the ticks captured in 2019, Haemaphysalis was the most frequently captured genus; the number of times that parasitic and questing Haemaphysalis were captured accounted for 57.31% and 95.56% of the total catch, respectively. Among various host animals, sheep and cattle had higher tick indices (3.06 and 2.72, respectively), and ticks were also captured from dogs in rural and urban areas. The tick density in surroundings of villages (0.83 ticks/flag·100 m) was higher than that in scenic areas (0.32 ticks/flag·100 m). Among different months of surveillance, the seasonal fluctuation curves of parasitic tick index and questing tick density both showed two peaks; the index of parasitic ticks was high throughout the first half of the year and decreased after July, while the density of questing ticks peaked in June. Conclusion The tick surveillance results in 2019 show that Haemaphysalis is the most frequently captured genus. Sheep and cattle are dominant host animals of those captured ticks, while dogs, as domestic animals in close contact with human beings, should be paid attention to their tick infection. Surroundings of villages are the dominant habitat of ticks. The peak period of tick infestation is found in the first half of the year. Tick prevention and control should be carried out according to the above-mentioned key species, hosts, habitats, and time periods.
[1] Sonenshine DE,Mather TN. Ecological dynamics of tick-borne zoonoses[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1994:447. [2] Madison-Antenucci S,Kramer LD,Gebhardt LL,et al. Emerging tick-borne diseases[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev,2020,33(2):e00083-18. DOI:10.1128/CMR.00083-18. [3] Rodino KG,Theel ES,Pritt BS. Tick-borne diseases in the United States[J]. Clin Chem,2020,66(4):537-548. DOI:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa040. [4] Wu XB,Na RH,Wei SS,et al. Distribution of tick-borne diseases in China[J]. Parasit Vectors,2013,6:119. DOI:10.1186/1756-3305-6-119. [5] Yu ZJ,Wang H,Wang TH,et al. Tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in China[J]. Parasit Vectors,2015,8:24. DOI:10.1186/s13071-014-0628-x. [6] Wang ZD,Wang B,Wei F,et al. A new segmented virus associated with Human Febrile illness in China[J]. N Engl J Med,2019,380(22):2116-2125. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1805068. [7] Guglielmone AA,Robbins RG,Apanaskevich DA,et al. The argasidae,Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari:Ixodida) of the world:a list of valid species names[J]. Zootaxa,2010,2528(2528):1-28. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.196488. [8] 孙毅,许荣满,魏川川. 中国血蜱属研究(蜱螨目:硬蜱科)(Ixodoidea,Ixodidae):系统分类与检索[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2011,18(4):251-258. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2011.04.011. Sun Y,Xu RM,Wei CC. Haemaphysalis ticks (Ixodoidea,Ixodidae) in China:systematic and key to subgenera[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2011,18(4):251-258. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2011.04.011. [9] 邓国藩,姜在阶. 中国经济昆虫志. 第39册(硬蜱科)[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1991:50,185,319. Deng GF,Jiang ZJ. Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 39(Acari:Ixodidae)[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1991:50,185,319. [10] 孙毅,许荣满,葛学峰,等. 安徽黄山地区中华硬蜱及其宿主感染莱姆病Borrelia afzelii的检测[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2009,16(3):141-146. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2009.03.003. Sun Y,Xu RM,Ge XF,et al. Natural infection of Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes sinensis and its parasitism hosts in forest areas of Huangshan,Anhui province[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2009,16(3):141-146. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2009.03.003. [11] 段兴德,何志海,高子厚,等. 云南省边境地区卵形硬蜱中中华基因型伯氏疏螺旋体的检出和鉴定[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(5):519-523. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.009. Duan XD,He ZH,Gao ZH,et al. Detection and identification of Borrelia sinica in Ixodes ovatus from the border region of Yunnan province,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(5):519-523. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.05.009. [12] 李兰花. 腾冲市蜱媒传播田鼠巴贝虫研究[D]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016. Li LH. Transmission of Babesia microti by ticks in Tengchong[D]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2016. [13] Beard CB,Occi J,Bonilla DL,et al. Multistate infestation with the exotic disease-vector tick Haemaphysalis longicornis-United States,August 2017-September 2018[J]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2018,67(47):1310-1313. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6747a3. [14] Wang SW,Li JD,Niu GY,et al. SFTS virus in ticks in an endemic area of China[J]. Am J Trop Med Hyg,2015,92(4):684-689. DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.14-0008. [15] 罗丽梅. 新布尼亚病毒传播媒介、宿主和蜱传疾病的人群血清流行病学研究[D]. 济南:山东大学,2016. Luo LM. Investigation of reservoir and vector of severe fever with Thrombocytopenia virus and seroepidemiology of tick-borne diseases in China[D]. Jinan:Shandong University,2016.
2020, Vol. 31 
