中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2013, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 147-151.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南省2001-2010年疟疾流行现状与趋势

李华宪, 陈国伟, 杨沅川, 姜华, 张再兴, 杨恒林, 周红宁   

  1. 云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南普洱 665000
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-25 出版日期:2013-04-20 发布日期:2013-04-20

Epidemiological study of malaria in Yunnan province, China from 2001 to 2010

LI Hua-xian, CHEN Guo-wei, YANG Yuan-chuan, JIANG Hua, ZHANG Zai-xing, YANG Heng-lin, ZHOU Hong-ning   

  1. Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Disease, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2012-10-25 Online:2013-04-20 Published:2013-04-20

摘要: 目的 为云南省实施消除疟疾行动提供参考依据.方法 收集2001-2010年疟疾疫情报告数据,用Excel 2003软件及ArcView GIS 3.3 软件进行常规流行病学统计分析.结果 2001-2010年云南省16个州(市)129个县(市、区)报告疟疾病例93 745例,死亡226例;间日疟病例数占病例总数的72.76%,恶性疟死亡数占死亡总数的84.07%;云南省本省病例数占病例总数的96.02%(90 011/93 745),死亡数占死亡总数的89.82%(203/226),90%以上病例分布于边境州(市);外省外籍病例病死率是本省的2.7倍;2006-2010年平均年发病率、死亡率和病死率比2001-2005年分别下降59.20%、73.66%和35.45%;各县、各月均有病例发生,发病高峰在5-8月和10-11月;10年发病数和年平均发病率顺位前10名的县(市、区)除隆阳区和梁河县(二线边境县)外,其余全为一线边境县;发病率1/万以上的县(市、区)前5年有47个,占全省总人口的29.42%,发病数占全省的95.07%,后5年减少至32个,占全省总人口的19.42%,发病数占全省的90.55%;各年报告的恶性疟病例比例在18.29%~25.75%之间,报告恶性疟的县(市、区)数和病例数前5年呈上升趋势,后5年呈下降趋势.结论 自2006年以来,云南省的疟疾流行已由上升趋势成功扭转为稳步下降趋势;但占病例数90%以上的年发病率>1/万的边境和内地高发县(市、区)仍然是云南省未来有效遏制和消除疟疾的重点防控地带;切实抓好各项监测工作应是其他地区的首选措施之一.

关键词: 疟疾, 发病率, 消除疟疾行动, 云南省

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of malaria from 2001 to 2010 in Yunnan province, China, and to provide a reference for malaria elimination in Yunnan. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria reported from 2001 to 2010 were collected and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and ArcView GIS 3.3. Results There were 93 745 malaria cases and 226 deaths reported in the 129 counties, districts, or county-level cities of 16 prefectures or cities in Yunnan from 2001 to 2010, with vivax malaria cases accounting for 72.76% of all malaria cases, and deaths due to falciparum malaria accounting for 84.07% of all deaths. Local malaria cases and deaths made up 96.02% (90 011/93 745) and 89.82% (203/226) of all cases and deaths reported in Yunnan, and more than 90% of malaria cases were distributed in the border prefectures or cities. The fatality rate was 2.7 times as high for the cases from other provinces and countries compared with local cases in Yunnan. The average annual incidence, mortality, and fatality in 2006-2010 were decreased by 59.20%, 73.66%, and 35.45%, respectively, as compared with those in 2001-2005. Malaria cases were seen in all counties and in all months. There were 2 peaks periods of malaria incidence: May to August and October to November. Among the top 10 counties, districts, or county-level cities in terms of the case number and average annual incidence from 2001-2010, 8 were first-level border counties, and 2 (Longyang district and Lianghe county) were second-level border counties. From 2001 to 2005, there were 47 counties with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand, covering 29.24% of the total population in Yunnan, and the cases in these counties accounted for 95.07% of all cases in Yunnan; from 2006 to 2010, there were 32 counties with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand, covering 19.42% of the total population in Yunnan, and the cases in these counties accounted for 90.55% of all cases in Yunnan. The proportion of falciparum malaria was between 18.29%-25.75% each year, and the number of counties, districts, or county-level cities where falciparum malaria cases were reported and the number of falciparum malaria cases were increased from 2001 to 2005, but were decreased from 2006 to 2010. Conclusion The prevalence of malaria in Yunnan has declined since 2006. Preventive measures should be taken mostly in the counties, districts, or county-level cities with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand to effectively control malaria in Yunnan. For other regions where malaria cases make up a small proportion of all cases, surveillance still should be enhanced due to their large area and population.

Key words: Malaria, Incidence, Malaria elimination, Yunnan province

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