关键词: 狂犬病, 监测, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To summarize the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies according to the surveillance data on rabies in Zhejiang province from 2008 to 2010, and explore the existing problems and the countermeasures. Methods The surveillance data on human rabies from the clinics and the epidemiological characteristics of individual cases in Zhejiang from 2008 to 2010 were collected for descriptive analysis. Results It was found that the incidence of rabies decreased from 2008 to 2010 year by year. The epidemic was spread to the central and western regions of Zhejiang, with the incidence rising in Quzhou and Jinhua. The peak incidence of rabies was seen in summer and autumn, with a second peak in early winter in some areas. Farmer, migrant workers and students were frequently affected. The sex ratio of the cases in the 3 years was 3.2∶1, 2.1∶1 and 2.1∶1, respectively. The number was highest in the age group of 55-70 years, accounting for 39.7%. Dogs were the principal reservoir of the 94 cases from 2008 to 2010. The incubation period was 85 d, with the period for the majority of the cases (35.11%) being between 2 months and half a year. The vast majority of cases after exposure did not receive any treatment (62.77%). Some of the cases after exposure were managed only with simple disinfection or flushing (25.53%). There were only 8.5% of the cases who received vaccination after exposure, of which only 1 case (1.06%) got full immunization with rabies vaccine. 67.02% of all the cases were classified as grade Ⅲ exposure and only one of them (1.06%) was administrated rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) or anti-serum. Conclusion It needs to change the target population of health education about rabies and the focus of control. Training of primary care staff should be strengthened in terms of knowledge related to rabies control, especially the interventions of wound management and infiltration of passive immunity preparations.

Key words: Rabies, Surveillance, Epidemiological characteristic