河北省唐山市2007－2018年蚊密度和蚊类多样性特征

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解唐山市蚊密度的季节消长情况及蚊类多样性，为有效防制蚊虫提供科学依据。方法利用唐山市2007-2018年5-10月在城市居民区、公园、医院、郊区民房和牲畜棚5个监测点灯诱法所获的蚊类监测数据和资料，对不同年月、生境的蚊种密度，物种多样性及季节消长情况进行了测定、比较和分析。采用物种多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数和种群相对多度研究蚊虫多样性特征。结果共捕获淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、凶小库蚊、迷走库蚊、褐尾库蚊、白纹伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊、背点伊蚊、中华按蚊和八代按蚊10种蚊种，蚊总密度为1.70只/（灯·h），其中淡色库蚊密度最高，为1.65只/（灯·h）；不同年份不同蚊种的构成不同（χ²=3 393.930，P<0.001）；在不同生境中，以牲畜棚的密度最高，为2.94只/（灯·h）。从不同生境物种多样性指数分析看，居民区多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高，分别为0.23和0.14，农村民房优势度指数最高，为0.98。蚊密度的季节消长呈单峰曲线，高峰出现在7月，为3.75只/（灯·h）。物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均在8月最高，分别为0.31和0.17；10月优势度指数最高，为0.99。结论淡色库蚊为唐山市的优势蚊种，牲畜棚蚊密度最高，居民区蚊种最多，不同蚊种的密度最均匀，农村民房优势度最高；7月蚊密度最高，8月蚊种最多，不同蚊种的密度最均匀，10月优势度最高。

关键词: 蚊虫, 密度, 物种多样性, 消长, 唐山市

Abstract: Objective To investigate the seasonal variation of mosquito density and species diversity of mosquitoes in Tangshan, China, and to provide a scientific basis for effective mosquito prevention and control. Methods The mosquito surveillance data were obtained, using the light-trap method, from five surveillance sites in urban residential areas, parks, hospitals, suburban residential areas, and livestock sheds, in Tangshan, from May to October of each year during 2007-2018. The data were then used for measurement, comparison, and analysis of the density, species diversity, and seasonal variation of mosquitoes in different years/months and habitats. In this study, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou uniformity index, Berger-Parker dominance index, and relative species abundance were used to study the diversity of mosquitoes. Results A total of 10 mosquito species were captured, i.e., Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. modestus, Cx. vagans, Cx. fuscanus, Aedes albopictus, Ae. vexans, Ae. dorsalis, Anopheles sinensis, and An. yatsushiroensis. The mosquito density was 1.70 mosquitoes/light·hour, with the highest density observed for Cx. pipiens pallens (1.65 mosquitoes/light·hour). The composition of different mosquito species was different in different years (χ²=3 393.930, P<0.001). Among the different habitats, livestock sheds had the highest density of 2.94 mosquitoes/light·hour. According to the analysis of species diversity indices in different habitats, the diversity index and uniformity index of residential areas were the highest (0.23 and 0.14, respectively), and the dominance index of rural residential areas was the highest (0.98). The seasonal variation curve of mosquito density was unimodal, with a peak (3.75 mosquitoes/light·hour) observed in July. The species diversity index and uniformity index were the highest in August (0.31 and 0.17, respectively), and the dominance index was the highest in October (0.99). Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens is the dominant mosquito species in Tangshan. The highest mosquito density was observed in livestock sheds, and the mosquito species were most abundant in residential areas, with the most uniform density of different mosquito species. The highest dominance index was observed in rural houses. The highest mosquito density was observed in July, and the mosquito species was most abundant in August, with the most uniform density of different mosquito species, the highest dominance index was observed in October.

Key words: Mosquito, Density, Species diversity, Variation, Tangshan

中图分类号:

R384.1

运玲, 王福才, 李树双, 高庆华, 王秀英, 商秀丽, 晁亦舒, 刘媛媛, 董荣轩. 河北省唐山市2007－2018年蚊密度和蚊类多样性特征[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(3): 325-330.

YUN Ling, WANG Fu-cai, LI Shu-shuang, GAO Qing-hua, WANG Xiu-ying, SHANG Xiu-li, CHAO Yi-shu, LIU Yuan-yuan, DONG Rong-xuan. Seasonal variation of mosquito density and species diversity in Tangshan,Hebei province, China, 2007-2018[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(3): 325-330.

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