中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2015, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 164-167.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.014

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

阿尔金山国家级自然保护区高原鼠兔的食性显微组织分析

热娜古丽·艾合麦提1, 李叶1,2, 张翔3, 时磊1   

  1. 1 新疆农业大学动物科学学院, 乌鲁木齐830052;
    2 中国科学院动物研究所;
    3 阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-27 出版日期:2015-04-20 发布日期:2015-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 时磊,Email:shileixj@126.com
  • 作者简介:热娜古丽·艾合麦提,女,维吾尔族,硕士,从事动物生态学研究,Email:494883240@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041)

Microscopic histological analysis of diet of Ochotona curzoniae in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve

Renagül Exmet1, LI Ye1,2, ZHANG Xiang3, SHI Lei1   

  1. 1 College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China;
    2 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
    3 Administrative Bureau of the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve
  • Received:2014-10-27 Online:2015-04-20 Published:2015-04-20
  • Supported by:

    Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest(No. 201203041)

摘要:

目的 分析新疆若羌县阿尔金山国家级自然保护区高原鼠兔暖季和冷季食性及营养生态位,为高原鼠兔科学管理提供基础资料。方法 2013年7月(暖季)和2014年1月(冷季)分别采集高原鼠兔60份粪样,组合为10个复合样本进行粪便显微组织分析,同时将研究区域采集的主要常见植物标本进行鉴别,之后通过显微镜对比分析确定食物组成及比例,并计算生态位宽度。结果 高原鼠兔暖季采食14科24属25种植物,主要为禾本科(19.15%)、莎草科(15.57%)、豆科(14.29%)和菊科(12.35%);高原鼠兔冷季共采食12 科16 属17 种植物,主要为禾本科(21.94%)、莎草科(18.53%)、豆科(16.42%)、藜科(10.46%)和菊科(10.32%)。46 种参考草本植物超过一半(54.35%)出现在粪样中。高原鼠兔食物种数和生态位宽度暖季大于冷季,而多样性和均匀度暖季小于冷季。结论 高原鼠兔的食物以禾草和杂类草为主,冷季食物资源匮乏时,表现出食性泛化的倾向。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 食性分析, 粪便显微组织分析

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the species composition and diversity of diet of plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae in the Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in Ruoqiang county, Xinjiang, China, and to provide a scientific basis for management of plateau pika. Methods Fecal pellets of plateau pika were collected and analyzed by feces microstructure technique to determine diet in July, 2013 (warm season) and January, 2014 (cold season). Total 60 fecal combinations were collected and composited to 10 experimental analysis samples for each season, while common plant specimens in the studied area were collected and identified through the microscope. Food composition and proportion of were identified by comparative identification of plant fragments. Results Plateau pika feed on 14 families and 24 genera and 25 species of plants in warm season, mainly Gramineae (19.15%), Cyperaceae (15.57%), Leguminosae (14.29%) and Compositae (12.35%). Plateau pika feed 12 families and 16 genera 17 kinds of plants in cold season, mainly Gramineae (21.94%), Cyperaceae (18.53%), Leguminosae (16.42%), Chenopodiaceae(10.46%)and Compositae (10.32%). More than half (54.35%) of the 46 species of grasses assembled for the reference collection were identified in the pellets. Food species and niche width of plateau pika is greater in warm season, while the diversity and evenness is less in cold season. Conclusion Grass and forbs are main food for plateau pika, showing a tendency of feeding generalization in cold season when food resources are scarce.

Key words: Ochotona curzoniae, Diet analysis, Fecal microstructure analysis

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