关键词: 流行性乙型脑炎, 流行特征, 影响因素, 分析

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and its risk factors in Zhoukou city, Henan province, China from 2004 to 2011, and to provide a scientific basis for JE control. Methods The JE case data and surveillance data in Zhoukou during 2004-2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 291 JE cases were reported in Zhoukou during 2004-2011, with an average annual incidence of 0.36/10⁵; from 2004 to 2011, the annual incidence rates were 0.41/10⁵, 0.42/10⁵, 0.78/10⁵, 0.52/10⁵, 0.17/10⁵, 0.35/10⁵, 0.25/10⁵, and 0.03/10⁵, respectively. The incidence rate was the highest in Taikang county (0.63/10⁵) and the lowest in Xihua county (0.15/10⁵). The peak season of JE was from July to September, when 96.22% of all cases occurred. Among the 291 JE cases, 97.25% were aged under 15 years, 17.18% were preschool children, 48.80% were scattered children, and 33.33% were students. Of the 267 surveyed cases, 219 (82.02%) had no anti-mosquito measures, such as mosquito nets and drugs, used at home, and 232 (86.89%) had not been immunized with JE vaccine. Conclusion The incidence of JE fluctuated but decreased in Zhoukou from 2004 to 2011. Enhancing monitoring of JE cases, ensuring vaccinization among children under 15 years of age in high-prevalence area, and taking comprehensive anti-mosquito measures are key to reducing the incidence of JE.

Key words: Japanese encephalitis, Epidemiological characteristics, Risk factor, Analysis