关键词: 狂犬病, 流行特征, 危险因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, epidemic trend, and risk factors for rabies in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The data from the case questionnaires and post-exposure treatment outpatient clinics for rabies, which were reported by the notifiable reporting and surveillance system for epidemics in Jiaxing city from 1983 to 2011, were collected and analyzed. Results Fifty rabies cases were reported from 1983 to 2011 in Jiaxing, with an annual incidence rate not higher than 0.29/10⁵. There were two epidemic peaks. The annual number of cases was 1-5 from 2006 to 2011. Each county (district) of Jiaxing had at least one case reported, and 94.44% of all cases were from rural areas. More cases occurred in summer and autumn than in other seasons. The ratio of male to female cases was 1.78:1, and most of the cases were aged 5-9 years and 60-64 years. All suspected animals which might cause rabies had no history of immunization before. All cases were not subject to post-exposure wound treatment and vaccination. Conclusion The low immunization rate and failure of timely standardized wound treatment after exposure were associated with the epidemic situation of rabies in Jiaxing city, Zhejiang province, China. Therefore, measures should be taken to enhance the management of dogs, increase the vaccination rate of animals, further spread the knowledge about rabies control to the public, lower vaccination expense, and increase the rates of post-exposure wound treatment and rabies vaccination in Jiaxing, especially in the rural areas.

Key words: Rabies, Epidemiological characteristics, Risk factor