中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 352-356.

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

缅甸克钦邦第二特区拉咱市疟疾流行特征横向调查

陈国伟1, 李华宪1, 蔺应学2   

  1. 1 云南省寄生虫病防治所/云南省疟疾研究中心, 云南普洱 665000;
    2 盈江县疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-20 出版日期:2012-08-20 发布日期:2012-08-20

Horizontal survey on the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Laiza city of the second special administrative region of Kachin State of Myanmar, a China-Myanmar border area

CHEN Guo-wei1, LI Hua-xian1, LIN Ying-xue2   

  1. 1 Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, Yunnan Province, China;
    2 Yingjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2012-01-20 Online:2012-08-20 Published:2012-08-20

摘要: 目的 了解中缅边境上游疟疾疫源地的流行特征,为出入境流动人员疟疾防治提供参考依据。方法 根据英国无国界卫生组织设在缅甸克钦邦第二特区的疟疾诊疗点上报的疟疾联防报表中的疟疾病例数计算发病率,并根据现场调查结果对不同疫点的疟疾流行情况、传染源种类、媒介蚊虫形态特征,村民的生产、生活、文化习俗以及卫生服务状况等进行分析。结果 2008年12月1日至2009年11月30日的疟疾发病率为513.01/万,流行病原以恶性疟为主,占疟疾病例总数的75.30%(1067/1417),间日疟占23.85%(338/1417),三日疟占0.14%(2/1417),混合感染占0.71%(10/1417);疟疾疫源地按流行程度分为高、中、低3类疫点村,高疫点村(克章村)距中缅边境线直线距离24.30 km,中疫点村(卖沙坝村)距边境线10.20 km,低疫点村(扎图广村)距边境线0.50 km,其中高疫点村的疟疾带虫发病率高达14.14%(28/198),以恶性疟为主要病原,占67.86%(19/28),是重症疟疾的主要病原;在边境森林地带发现的大劣按蚊是野外作业者感染疟疾的高效媒介;从云南省元江县到缅甸克钦邦第二特区的21例务工者的疟疾患病率及恶性疟比例均为100%,是出境务工人员感染疟疾的典型案例;当地村民的防蚊意识和求医条件均处于较低水平。结论 缅甸克钦邦第二特区为中缅边境务工人员感染疟疾的主要疫源地。

关键词: 中缅边境, 疟疾, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To get an insight into the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in the foci in the upper reaches of the China-Myanmar border, providing reference data for the control of malaria among inbound and outbound personnel. Methods The incidence of malaria was evaluated based on the number of malaria cases reported by the clinics located by the Health Unlimited in the second special administrative region of Kachin State of Myanmar, and statistical analysis was done on the epidemic status of malaria, the species of the infectious agents, vector features, health services, villagers’conventions of life, production and culture in different malaria foci according to the data collected in the field investigations. Results The incidence of malaria was 513.01 per ten thousand in the surveillance sites in the second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar from Dec. 1, 2008 to Nov. 30, 2009. Plasmodium falciparum was the main species of infectious agents, accounting for 75.30%(1067/ 1417), followed by P. vivax (23.85%, 338/1417), P. malaria (0.14%, 2/1417) and polyinfection of P. falciparum plus P. vivax (0.71%, 10/1417). The malaria foci were classified into 3 categories, including highly, moderately and mildly epidemic villages according to the extent to which malaria was prevalent in the villages. Kezhang village, Maishaba village and Zhatuguang village were in turn the highly, moderately and mildly epidemic villages, which were 24.30, 10.20 and 0.50 kilometers, from China- Myanmar border, respectively. The malaria parasite rate was as high as 14.14%(28/198) in Kezhang village the highly epidemic focus village where P. falciparum accounted for 67.86%(19/28), being the major pathogen for severe malaria. Anopheles dirus discovered in the local forest of China border was a highly energetic vector of malaria for people in field operations. The malaria morbidity rate and falciparum malaria were both 100% for the 21 migrant workers working in the second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar, who came from Yuanjiang county of Yunnan province of China. They were typical cases of malaria infection among outbound people. The local villagers were not aware of the importance of controlling mosquitoes and the medical service was still at a low level. Conclusion The second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar was the main focus of malaria infection for migrant workers in the China-Myanmar border.

Key words: China-Myanmar border, Malaria, Epidemic features

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