关键词: 狂犬病, 农村居民, 犬猫饲养率, 暴露率, 暴露处置

Abstract:

Objective To determine the current post - exposure treatment for rabies and analyze the risk factors for development of targeted intervention strategies. Methods Household survey based on multi - stage sampling method was adopted, and 40 villages from 4 counties was conducted followed by descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 38.68% households had cats or dogs at home with a dog density of 8.97/100 people. The coverage rate of rabies vaccine was 31.87%. The average annual exposure rate among the residents was 2.22%, and higher exposure rate was found in those having dogs or cats at home or aged less than 15 years old and students. Many exposures were related to visiting dog-keeping families. Injuries were mostly lower limb injury and grade Ⅲ exposure. However, only 28.23% of the patients self-treated immediately after exposure, and some used herbs or other improper approaches. Three quarters of the patients visited a doctor after exposure with an average cost of 416.68 RMB, but 4.30% of them refused to inoculate rabies vaccine. Moreover, 93.55% of those with Ⅲ level exposure had not obtained passive immunization. Conclusion Rural residents were at high risk of rabies exposure, most of which were caused by house dogs. Inadequate knowledge and economic support were the key factors which contributed to improper post-exposure treatment.

Key words: Rabies, Rural residents, Feeding rate of dogs or cats, Exposure rate, Disposal