中国媒介生物学及控制杂志

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北京地区2种常见蜚蠊带菌情况调查

宋秀平1;刘起勇1;吕京静2   

  1. 1中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室 北京102206;2北京市昌平区疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2007-10-20 发布日期:2007-10-20

The field investigation of pathogenic bacteria infection in Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana in Beijing

SONG Xiu-ping; LIU Qi -yong; LV Jing-jing   

  1. National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
  • Online:2007-10-20 Published:2007-10-20

摘要: 目的 调查北京市不同场所德国小蠊、美洲大蠊体内外携带主要肠道致病菌及条件致病菌情况,为蜚蠊疾病传播机制研究奠定基础。方法 用瓶捕法采集现场蜚蠊,在实验室分离病原体,研究德国小蠊和美洲大蠊携带主要肠道致病菌及条件致病菌的种类、数量。带菌状况检测:先做增菌培养,再进行分离纯化培养,然后通过生化反应、血清学试验、ELISA进行鉴定。结果 从不同场所(医院、餐饮场所、学校、住宅、食品加工厂、机关办公室、养虫室)捕获的16组德国小蠊体表检出带菌蜚蠊15组,检出率为93.8%,检出9种肠道致病菌和条件致病菌;体内检出带菌蜚蠊16组,检出率为100%,检出11种肠道致病菌和条件致病菌。主要有大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、志贺菌、变形杆菌、枸橼酸杆菌、蜂窝哈夫尼亚菌、阴沟肠杆菌、粘质沙雷菌等。体表、体内各检出乙型肝炎(乙肝)表面抗原阳性1组,检出率为6.2%。2组美洲大蠊体内外均检出肠道致病菌或条件致病菌,其中体表共检出7种,体内共检出9种,主要有大肠埃希菌、枸橼酸杆菌、产气肠杆菌、变形杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、蜂窝哈夫尼亚菌、志贺菌、沙门菌、粘质沙雷菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。体内、体表乙肝表面抗原均未检出阳性。以医院捕获的蜚蠊带菌种类最多,其次是餐饮场所和食品加工厂,这主要与栖息场所的环境条件(如温度、湿度)、人员复杂度、食物丰富有关。结论 蜚蠊体内外带菌状况严重,它在传播疾病方面的作用应该引起高度重视。

关键词: 蜚蠊, 带菌, 检出率, 传播疾病

Abstract: Objective To investigate the ecto-enteric bacteria and endo-enteric bacteria carried by Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana at different sites in Beijing,to provide the evidence for understanding the diseases transmitting possibility.Methods In this study,cockroaches were trapped by jars in the field,pathogens were isolated in laboratory.Then routine methods,i.e.bacteria culturing,biochemical reaction,slide agglutination and ELISA,were used to identify them.Results 16 groups of B.germanica were trapped from different sites(hospital,restaurant,school,resident room,food manufactory,office and cockroach rearing laboratory).9 species of enteric pathogens and opportunistic pathogens were isolated from the surface of 93.8%(15 of 16) of the groups;11 species were isolated in the body of 100%(16 of 16) of the groups.The main pathogens included: Escherichia coli,Salmonella sp,Shigella,Proteus,Citrobacter,Hafnia alvei,E.cloacae,Serrati marcescens etc.Of the 16 groups,was positive with HBsAg.From the specimens of P.americana,7 species were isolated from the insects surface and 9 species were isolated in the body.The main pathogens consisted of E.coli,Citrobacter,E.aerogenes,Proteus,E.cloacae,H.alvei,Shigella,Salmonella sp,S.marcescens,Klebsiella pneumoniae,and negative positive with HBsAg/ The results showed that the cockroaches in hospitals carried more pathogens species,than that in restaurants and food manufactories.This situation might be mainly related to the temperature and humidity of the habitats,as well as the food abundance,the tangled crowd.Conclusion Cockroaches can carry pathogens,and high risks exist to human health in cockroaches abundance place especially in hospitals.