关键词: 狂犬病, 病例对照研究, 相关危险因素, 潜伏期

Abstract: Objective To study the relative risk factors of rabies in Chaling county,Hunan province to provide the scientific evidence for the field intervention. Methods With case-control study method,all the rabies cases which occurred in Chaling county,Hunan province from 2000 to 2004 were regarded as research objects and the healthy survivors who had been hurt by a dog in the same way were regarded as control. The results were analyzed with χ2 test. Results In case group,the average latent period was 60 days (9-412),the average course of disease was 2 days (0-7). The latent period of the cases which were hurt with head and face,hand and upper limbs,trunk and lower limbs was 28 days,52 days,and 77 days respectively. The average latent period of the cases with superficial wound and deep wound was 56 days and 68 days. The average latent period of the cases which were inoculated and not inoculated was 39 days and 62 days respectively. For the relative risk factors analyzed,there were significant difference in which the OR was very much higher in some factors,such as not inoculated (χ²= 48.776 ,P< 0.01 ,OR= 41.61 ),the vaccine from abnormal way used (χ²= 9.580 ,P< 0.05 ,OR= 10.64 ),the wound position close to the nerve center (χ²= 35.143 ,P< 0.01 ),deep wound (χ²= 6.800 ,P< 0.05 ,OR= 3.23 ),and the wound without treatment (χ²= 6.174 ,P< 0.05 ,OR= 2.84 ).Conclusion No incubated vaccine,the vaccine from abnormal way used,the wound without treatment,deep wound and the wound position close to the nerve center were the relative risk factors of rabies occurred in Chaling county,not inoculating RV,RV resources,deep wound and not offering wound management. It must attach importance to use prevention and control measures such as canonical method of wound treatment and the rabies vaccine inculated to prevent rabies when someone hurt by a dog.