中国媒介生物学及控制杂志

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野鼠型流行性出血热疫源地主要传染源及其控制效果的研究

张云; 赵学忠; 吴光华; 沈建忠; 张炳根; 鲍明荣   

  1. 南京军区军事医学研究所 南京210002
  • 出版日期:1994-08-20 发布日期:1994-08-20

Study on the Main Infection Resources of EHF Focis of Wild Rat Type and the Contral Effect

Zhang Yun;et al   

  1. Institute of military Medicine, Nanjing Command PLA Aanjin,210002
  • Online:1994-08-20 Published:1994-08-20

摘要: 1980~1991年在安徽、江苏和陕西省野鼠型EHF疫区,对野鼠型EHF的主要传染源进行了现场调查和实验研究,认为黑线姬鼠是野鼠型EHF的主要宿主动物和传染源,这是因为:①黑线姬鼠是野鼠型EHF疫区的优势鼠种(占当地鼠总数的67.73~98.04%),野外鼠密度高(21.16~38.12%)或较高(8.18~14.52%);②黑线姬鼠的季节消长与当地人群EHF的发病率相一致;③黑线姬鼠携带EHFV抗原的阳性率高;从EHFV抗原阳性的鼠肺中能分离到EHFV:④EHFV抗原阳性黑线姬鼠的血、尿和粪具有传染性:⑤现场调查证明,EHFV在黑线姬鼠间可通过革螨、恙螨叮刺传播。根据流行病学调查资料,拟定了以灭鼠为主的预防措施;并提出野鼠型EHF疫源地控制的五项检测指标,即:①鼠密度控制在1.0%以下;②鼠EHFV抗原阳性率在3.0%或5.0%以下;③鼠EHFV抗体阳性率在5.0%或10.0%以下;④本地常住健康人群EHFV抗体阳性率应为零;⑤EHF发病是个别的或没有病人。几年来的调查结果进一步证明。对野鼠型EHF疫区所采取的五项控制方法和指标有效可行,即灭鼠是预防EHF的关键,大面积药物反复灭鼠是控制野鼠型EHF疫源地的有效方法。

关键词: 流行性出血热, 宿主, 传染源, 疫源地

Abstract: we made field research and lab research on the originality of wild rat type of EHF in EHF focis of wild rat type in Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanxi province from 1980 to 1991, we considered Apodemus agrarius is the main host animal and infectious resources of wild rat type of EHF.the reasons are: 1: Apodemus agrarius is the dominant rat type in the region of EHF focis of wild rat type; 2, the seasonal decrease and increase of the Apodemus agrarius's population are correspondant with the morbidity of the people in that region; 3, Apodemus agarius bears high level of positive rates of EHFV antigen,EHFV can be isolated from the lungs of the rats with positive EHFV antigen; 4, The blood urea and faeces of the Apodemus agrarius whose EHFV anthigen are positive are coutagious; 5, Field research showed that EHF can be spread by the bite of gamasid mites and Lepelotrombidium(L.) scuellare among Apodemcus agrarius.Based on the research information of epidemiology,We took the preventive measurements in which the key is killing rats. we also came up with five testing targets to control the focis of wild rat type of EHF as following: 1,rat's population density is controlled under one percent; 2,the positive rate of EHFV antigen in rats is below 3.3% or 5.0%; 3, the positive rate of EHFV antibody in rats is under 5.0% or 10.0%; 4, the percentage of positive clntibody of the healthy resident in the ragion should be zero; 5, patients of EHF are rare or none. The research results obtained during the past several years Confirmed the precautions and targets made on the EHF focis of wild rat type are effective and possible, that are; the key to prevent EHF is killingr rats,and the effective method of controlling EHF focis of wild rat type is killing rats rlpeatedly witk medicine on large area.