青海省海北藏族自治州高原鼠兔携带8种致病微生物的调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的调查青海省海北藏族自治州（海北州）高原鼠兔8种致病微生物的携带情况，为海北州相关鼠源疾病防治提供科学依据。方法 2020年8月在海北州海晏、祁连、刚察县和门源回族自治县4个县的14个草甸草原采样点，用鼠夹和鼠笼法捕获高原鼠兔，剪取肝、脾、肾和肺组织标本，提取核酸后用多重实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）方法检测土拉弗朗西斯菌、恙虫病东方体、巴尔通体、问号钩端螺旋体、地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体和嗜吞噬细胞无形体6种致病微生物，用多重实时反转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测汉坦病毒和大别班达病毒2种致病微生物。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，率的比较采用χ²检验和Fisher确切概率法。结果 237只高原鼠兔检测到巴尔通体阳性16只（6.75%）和问号钩端螺旋体阳性5只（2.11%），病原体总感染率为8.44%，其余6种病原体均未检测到阳性个体，高原鼠兔不同致病微生物阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=87.011，P<0.001）。1只高原鼠兔存在巴尔通体和问号钩端螺旋体复合感染，复合感染率为0.42%。结论青海省海北州草甸环境中的高原鼠兔可携带巴尔通体和问号钩端螺旋体，提示开展鼠疫等病原体监测的同时应加强其余致病微生物的监测和预防，警惕当地相关鼠源疾病的传播。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 实时荧光定量PCR, 巴尔通体, 问号钩端螺旋体

Abstract: Objective To investigate the carriage of eight pathogenic microorganisms in Ochotona curzoniae in the Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Methods In August 2020, O. curzoniae individuals were captured using the rat trap and rat cage methods at 14 meadow steppe sampling sites in Haiyan County, Qilian County, Gangcha County, and Menyuan Hui Autonomous County in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Liver, spleen, kidney, and lung tissue samples were collected to extract nucleic acids. The multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was used to detect six disease-causing microorganisms, including Francisella tularensis, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Bartonella spp., Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia typhi, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The multiplex reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) method was used to detect Hantavirusand Dabie bandavirus. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0, and the rates were compared using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results In 237 O. curzoniae individuals, 16 (6.75%) were positive for Bartonella and 5 (2.11%) were positive for L. interrogans, with an overall infection rate of 8.44%, and no individuals were positive for the remaining six pathogens. There were significant differences in the positive rates of different pathogenic microorganisms in O. curzoniae (χ²=87.011, P<0.001). Co-infection with Bartonella and L. interrogans was detected in one O. curzoniae individual, yielding a co-infection rate of 0.42%. Conclusions The presence of Bartonella and L. interrogans in O. curzoniae in the meadow environment of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province suggests that surveillance of pathogens such as plague should be accompanied by strengthened monitoring and prevention of other pathogenic microorganisms, with heightened vigilance against the spread of local rodent-borne diseases.

Key words: Ochotona curzoniae, Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Bartonella spp., Leptospira interrogans

中图分类号:

S443
R37

陈敏, 郭文涛, 栗冬梅. 青海省海北藏族自治州高原鼠兔携带8种致病微生物的调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2025, 36(2): 274-279.

CHEN Min, GUO Wen-tao, LI Dong-mei. Investigation of eight pathogenic microorganisms carried by Ochotona curzoniae in Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， Qinghai Province， China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2025, 36(2): 274-279.

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