中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 153-157.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2025.02.003

• 媒介生物监测媒介生物监测 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省日照市城区2018-2023年蜚蠊密度与侵害情况监测结果分析

张海燕1, 李艳青1, 陈海峰1, 李凯1, 王淑玲1, 秦绪婷2, 王伟光1, 李丽丽1, 李研1   

  1. 1. 日照市疾病预防控制中心消毒与病媒生物防制科, 山东 日照 276826;
    2. 日照市东港区疾病预防控制中心, 山东 日照 276800
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 王伟光,E-mail:184817033@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张海燕,女,副主任护师,主要从事病媒生物防制工作,E-mail:Zhy18769339558@163.com

Cockroach density and infestation status in urban Rizhao, Shandong Province, China, 2018-2023

ZHANG Hai-yan1, LI Yan-qing1, CHEN Hai-feng1, LI Kai1, WANG Shu-ling1, QIN Xu-ting2, WANG Wei-guang1, LI Li-li1, LI Yan1   

  1. 1. Disinfection and Vector Control Institute, Rizhao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, China;
    2. Donggang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Rizhao City, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
  • Received:2023-12-19 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-05-09

摘要: 目的 分析山东省日照市城区蜚蠊密度、侵害状况、分布特点、季节消长等变化规律,为爱国卫生工作和蜚蠊的科学防制提供依据。方法 采用粘捕法调查,设置日照市主城区为监测点,选择农贸市场、超市、餐饮行业、宾馆、医院和居民区为监测生境,收集2018-2023年监测数据,用Excel 2010软件对密度、侵害率等参数计算、整理,SPSS 22.0软件对蜚蠊监测密度与气象因素进行Spearman秩相关性分析,采用χ2检验分析不同生境蜚蠊侵害率差异。结果 2018-2023年日照市城区捕获蜚蠊均为德国小蠊,年平均密度为0.016只/张,年平均侵害率为1.34%,不同生境蜚蠊侵害率差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.274,P<0.001),农贸市场蜚蠊平均密度和侵害率最高,分别为0.045只/张和4.38%,其次为居民区,分别为0.021只/张和1.55%。蜚蠊月平均密度季节消长呈单峰分布,在7月达到活动高峰。月平均气温(rs=0.540,P=0.001)、月平均最高气温(rs=0.532,P=0.002)、月平均最低气温(rs=0.552,P=0.001)、月平均相对湿度(rs=0.497,P=0.004)与蜚蠊密度均呈正相关。结论 日照市蜚蠊密度处于较低水平,防制蜚蠊应以德国小蠊为主要防治对象,重点生境是农贸市场和居民区,应采取以环境治理为基础、药物消杀为辅的综合防制策略。

关键词: 蜚蠊, 密度, 侵害率, 季节消长, 综合防制

Abstract: Objective To investigate the density, infestation status, distribution characteristics, and seasonal fluctuations of cockroaches in the urban area of Rizhao, Shandong Province, China, so as to provide a basis for the Patriotic Health Campaign and scientific control of cockroaches. Methods Cockroach surveillance data by the sticky trap method were collected at farmers' markets, supermarkets, catering industry areas, hotels, hospitals, and residential areas in the main urban area of Rizhao from 2018 to 2023. Excel 2010 was used to calculate cockroach density and infestation rate. With the use of SPSS 22.0, the relationship between cockroach density and meteorological factors was analyzed through Spearman rank correlation analysis, and the infestation rates of cockroaches in different habitats were compared using the Chi-square test. Results From 2018 to 2023, the captured cockroaches in the urban area of Rizhao City were all Blattella germanica, with an annual average density of 0.016 cockroaches/trapping paper and the average infestation rate was 1.34%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the infestation rate of cockroaches in different habitats (χ2=15.274, P<0.001). The average density and infestation rate of cockroaches in farmer's markets were the highest, at 0.045 cockroaches/paper and 4.38%, respectively; followed by residential areas (0.021 cockroaches/trapping paper and 1.55%, respectively). The seasonal fluctuation in the monthly average density of cockroaches shows a unimodal distribution, reaching its peak activity in July. The monthly average temperature (rs=0.540, P=0.001), the monthly average maximum temperature (rs=0.532, P=0.002), the monthly average minimum temperature (rs=0.552, P=0.001), and the monthly average relative humidity (rs=0.497, P=0.004) were all positively correlated with the monthly density of cockroaches (all P<0.05). Conclusions The density of cockroaches in Rizhao is at a low level. The focus of cockroach control should be placed on B. germanica and in farmers' markets and residential areas, and the strategies should adopt environmental management combined with the use of insecticides.

Key words: Cockroach, Density, Infestation rate, Seasonal fluctuation, Integrated control

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