山东省淄博市2022年重要病媒生物生态学监测状况分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解淄博市2022年主要病媒生物种类构成情况，掌握其密度及季节消长规律，为淄博市病媒生物防制工作提供科学依据。方法对淄博市蚊、蝇、鼠和蜚蠊4种病媒生物进行密度监测。蚊类监测采用诱蚊灯法和布雷图指数（BI）法；蝇类监测采用笼诱法；鼠类监测采用夹夜法；蜚蠊监测采用粘捕法。不同生境下病媒生物构成比的差异采用χ²检验或Fisher’s确切概率法。结果 2022年淄博市成蚊平均密度为11.81只/（灯·夜），8月密度最高，为32.51只/（灯·夜），优势种群为淡色库蚊；幼蚊7和8月BI值均>10.00，9月BI值>20.00。2022年淄博市蝇类平均密度为12.51只/笼，蝇类密度７月达到最高峰，为66.98只/笼，优势蝇种为市蝇。2022年淄博市鼠类平均密度为1.15％，9月鼠密度最高，优势鼠种为褐家鼠。2022年淄博市蜚蠊平均密度指数为3.15只/张，9月为活动最高峰，优势种群为德国小蠊。不同生境下蚊类、蝇类、鼠类构成比不同，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=3 160.149、1 029.005、33.394，均P<0.001）。结论淄博市主要病媒生物是淡色库蚊、市蝇、褐家鼠和德国小蠊，夏季7－9月密度较高，应适时采取适当措施控制病媒生物密度，减少媒介生物传染病的发生和流行。

关键词: 病媒生物, 监测, 季节消长, 种类构成

Abstract: Objective To understand the composition of main vector species in Zibo City in 2022, master its density and seasonal fluctuation, so as to provide scientific basis for vector biological control in Zibo City. Methods Four vectors of mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches were monitored in Zibo City.Mosquito surveillance was carried out by the mosquito lamp trapping method and the Breteau index (BI) method. Cage trapping method was used to monitor flies. The night snap trapping method was used outdoors for rodent surveillance.The method of sticky trapping was used for cockroach surveillance. The difference of species composition in different habitats was determined by Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact probability method. Results In 2022, the average density of adult mosquitoes was 11.81 mosquitoes/light·night, and the highest density was 32.51 mosquitoes/light·night in August; the dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens; As for the larvae, BI were all>10.00 in July and August, and >20.00 in September. The average density of flies was 12.51 flies/cage, and the density reached the peak of 66.98 flies/cage in July; Musca sorbens was the dominant species. In 2022, the average density of rodents was 1.15%, with the peak of rodent activity in September, and the dominant rodent species was Rattus norvegicus. In 2022, the average density index of cockroaches in the city was 3.15 cockroaches/sheet, with the peak occurring in September, and Blattella germanica was the dominant species. The composition ratio of mosquitoes, flies and mice in different habitats was different, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=3 160.149, 1 029.005, 33.394, all P<0.001). Conclusion The main disease vectors in Zibo city were Cx. pipiens pallens, M. sorbens, R. norvegicus and B. germanica. with high densities during July to September in summer. Appropriate measures should be taken to control the density of the vectors to prevent the spread of vector-borne diseases.

Key words: Disease vector, Surveillance, Seasonal variation, Species composition

中图分类号:

R384

杜俊, 王延东, 郑加玉, 孙琪, 刘聪聪. 山东省淄博市2022年重要病媒生物生态学监测状况分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(1): 36-41.

DU Jun, WANG Yan-dong, ZHENG Jia-yu, SUN Qi, LIU Cong-cong. Analysis of the ecological surveillance of important vectors in Zibo City in 2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(1): 36-41.

参考文献

[1] 淄博市人民政府办公厅. 淄博市防台风抗旱应急预案[S/OL]. (2017-02-24)[2023-10-19]. https://www.zibo.gov.cn/gongkai/site_srmzfbgs/channel_shifubanwenjian/doc_5fb4af280371916f87ec115c.html.General Office of Zibo Municipal People's Government. Typhoon and drought emergency plan of Zibo city[S/OL]. (2017-02-24)[2023-10-19]. https://www.zibo.gov.cn/gongkai/site_srmzfbgs/channel_shifubanwenjian/doc_5fb4af280371916f87ec115c.html.(in Chinese)
[2] 王纯玉,丁俊,白玉银,等. 辽宁省2013-2017年蝇密度与季节消长监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(5):472-475. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.013.Wang CY,Ding J,Bai YY,et al. Monitoring and analysis of fly density and seasonal fluctuation in Liaoning province,2013-2017[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(5):472-475. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.013.(in Chinese)
[3] 王福春. 我国登革热流行概况与预防控制措施研究进展[J]. 职业与健康,2018,34(12):1717-1721. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0392.Wang FC. Epidemic situation and prevention and control measures of dengue fever in China[J]. Occup Health,2018,34(12):1717-1721. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0392.(in Chinese)
[4] Rocklöv J,Dubrow R. Climate change:An enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control[J]. Nat Immunol,2020,21(5):479-483. DOI:10.1038/s41590-020-0648-y.
[5] Wilson AL,Courtenay O,Kelly-Hope LA,et al. The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis,2020,14(1):e0007831. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007831.
[6] Connelly R. Highlights of medical entomology 2018:The importance of sustainable surveillance of vectors and vector-borne pathogens[J]. J Med Entomol,2019,56(5):1183-1187. DOI:10.1093/jme/tjz134.
[7] 刘起勇. 我国病媒生物监测与控制现状分析及展望[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.001.Liu QY. State-of-art analysis and perspectives on vector surveillance and control in China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692. 2015.02.001.(in Chinese)
[8] 国家卫生和计划生育委员会. 全国病媒生物监测方案[Z]. 北京:国家卫生计生委办公厅,2016.National Health and Family Planning Commission of People's Republic of China. National vector surveillance programme[Z]. Beijing:General Office of the National Health and Family Planning Commission,2016. (in Chinese)
[9] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国病媒生物监测实施方案[Z]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016.Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National vector surveillance implementation plan[Z]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2016. (in Chinese)
[10] 国家卫生健康委员会. 中央抗疫国债疾控类项目管理工作方案[Z]. 北京:国家卫生健康委疾控局,2020.National Health Commission of People's Republic of China. Work plan for the management of disease control projects of the central anti-epidemic treasury bonds[Z]. Beijing:Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control,National Health Commission,2020. (in Chinese)
[11] 赵宁,郭玉红,吴海霞,等. 2019年全国媒介蚊虫监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):395-400. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.003.Zhao N,Guo YH,Wu HX,et al. National vector surveillance report on mosquitoes in China,2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(4):395-400. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2020.04.003.(in Chinese)
[12] 何涛,李晓宁,陈宗遒,等. 2017-2019年广州市病媒生物监测报告[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志,2021,25(8):912-917. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08.008.He T,Li XN,Chen ZQ,et al. A report on vector surveillance in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2019[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev,2021,25(8):912-917. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.08. 008.(in Chinese)
[13] 刘起勇. 我国登革热流行新趋势、防控挑战及策略分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(1):1-6. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.001.Liu QY. Dengue fever in China:New epidemical trend,challenges and strategies for prevention and control[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(1):1-6. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.001.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘起勇,刘小波,常楠,等. 2012-2021年我国媒介生物及相关传染病监测控制进展及成效[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2022,33(5):613-621,654. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2022.05.001.Liu QY,Liu XB,Chang N,et al. Advances and achievements in the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China,2012-2021[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2022,33(5):613-621,654. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05. 001.(in Chinese)
[15] 李春辉,邓文海,赵辉,等. 2020年烟台市主要病媒生物密度监测[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2022,28(3):222-225. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.009.Li CH,Deng WH,Zhao H,et al. Investigation on main vectors in Yantai city in 2020[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2022,28(3):222-225. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.009.(in Chinese)
[16] 杨晗晗,刘恭源,邱德义,等. 中山市不同生境及不同诱饵蝇类监测分析[J]. 中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2019,42(2):97-102. DOI:10.16408/j.1004-9770.2019.02.006.Yang HH,Liu GY,Qiu DY,et al. Analysis on the flies surveyed with different baits at different types of habitat of Zhongshan[J]. Chin Front Health Quar,2019,42(2):97-102. DOI:10.16408/j.1004-9770.2019.02.006.(in Chinese)
[17] 徐友祥,王韶华,张书志,等. 糖醋诱饵不同重量组监测蝇类的效果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):564-566. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.012.Xu YX,Wang SH,Zhang SZ,et al. Effect analysis of fly monitoring by sweet and sour bait at different weights[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(6):564-566. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.012.(in Chinese)
[18] 薛海滨,任乐,孟金霞. 2020年临沂市病媒生物监测结果分析[J]. 预防医学论坛,2021,27(8):606-609. DOI:10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2021.08.014.Xue HB,Ren L,Meng JX. Analysis on surveillance results of vectors,Linyi city,2020[J]. Prev Med Trib,2021,27(8):606-609. DOI:10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2021.08.014.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘峰,刘亚楠,景晓,等. 2010-2015年山东省居民区蟑螂监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(2):135-137. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.013.Liu F,Liu YN,Jing X,et al. Analysis on monitoring of cockroaches in residential areas in Shandong province from 2010 to 2015[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(2):135-137. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.013.(in Chinese)
[20] 岳玉娟,任东升,吴海霞,等. 2019年全国蜚蠊监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):412-416. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.006.Yue YJ,Ren DS,Wu HX,et al. National surveillance report on cockroaches in China,2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(4):412-416. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020. 04.006.(in Chinese)