20 June 2012, Volume 23 Issue 3
    

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    Expert Forum
  • DNA barcode technology
    MA Ying, LU Liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 185-190,205.
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    Foundation of China(No. 31060279)and the National Key Technology R & D Program(No. 2008BAI56B02) Abstract: DNA barcode is a diagnostic technique in which short DNA sequences can be used for species identification. In this article, the background knowledge and principles of DNA barcode were reviewed simply. Also illustrated application research on classification, identification and genetic diversity in species and some existed problems of DNA barcode.
    • Original Reports
  • A simple method for rapid and non-lethal isolation of genomic DNA from single flies of Musca domestica
    PAN Jing, WAN Hua, QIU Xing-hui
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 191-192,197.
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    Objective The house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a very important disease vector. Research in genetics and molecular biology on this pest is helpful for developing an effective control strategy. In genetic studies, it often needs to use the DNA sample and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. A simple and non-lethal method for isolation of genomic DNA should facilitate studies in population genetics and the generation of fly lines of interest. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from immersing the hind legs or wings of house flies in the lysis buffer and incubating at 37 ℃ for 1 h. Results Genomic DNA was extracted successfully from wings or legs of individual flies. A fragment of the CYP6D1v1 gene was amplified with the DNA as template. Wing or leg ablation did not affect the survival and fertility of flies. Conclusion The method is fast, simple, effective and non-lethal. The DNA prepared by this method can be used directly in PCR for subsequent analysis such as genotyping. Flies without hind legs or wings can produce enough offspring to establish a population.
  • Faunistic investigation of Tachinidae in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve, China
    ZHAO Zhe, WANG Shi-di, LIN Hai, HOU Peng, SU Yun, ZHANG Chun-tian
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 193-197.
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    Objective To investigate the biodiversity and fauna of Tachinidae in Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve of China. Methods Morphology taxonomy and zoogeography principles and methods were applied in this study. Results Fifty- seven specie, 35 genera 15 tribes and 4 subfamilies were identified. Among these tachinidae, one genus was newly recorded in China: (Elomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830); three species were newly recorded in China: Elomya lateralis (Meigen, 1824), Lydella ripae (Brischke, 1885), Phonomyia atypical Mesnil, 1963; two species are recorded as endemic in China: Peleteria flavobasicosta, Tachina genurufa; fourteen species were newly recorded of Inner Mongolia. Conclusion Because Helan Mountain was formed later than the time of divergence of tachinid flies, the Helan Mountain did not prevent the mutual diffusion of Palaearctic and Oriental tachinid flies. Therefore, the tachinid flies of Helan Mountain are dominated by Palaearctic and Oriental Tachinidae, especially tachinid flies that were distributed in both the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. All of the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, Shenyang Normal University, China.
  • Isolation of microsatellite markers in Rattus tanezumi
    GUO Song, LU Liang, MA Huai-lei, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 198-201.
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    Objective To assess the genetic diversity of Rattus tanezumi populations in different geographical regions by screening of microsatellite loci using magnetic beads enrichment. Methods Linkers were ligated with R. tanezumi genomic DNA fragments obtained by digestion by HaeⅢ and RsaⅠ, and the effect of ligation reaction was detected by PCR. Then the fragments were hybridized with biotinylated (AC)15 probe, and the 300-600 bp fragments containing microsatellite markers were captured by magnetic beads, and then the PCR products of the captured fragments were transformed into JM109 competent cells, with microsatellite primers designed after being sequenced. Results A total of 304 positive colonies were obtained from about 900 transformants and 140 of them were sequenced with 13 pairs of microsatellite primers successfully designed for R. tanezumi. Conclusion The acquired microsatellite primers are polymorphic and can amplify bands stably, being fit for the research of population genetics of R. tanezumi.
  • Development of gold nanoparticle-assisted real-time fluorescence PCR for quantitative detection of Chikungunya viruses
    YAN Qing-li, YANG Peng-fei, FANG Jian-hui, ZHANG Li-ping, ZHANG Xiao-long, CAO Xiao-mei, YAO Li-si
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 202-205.
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    Objective To develop a gold nanoparticle-assisted real-time fluorescence PCR array for quantitative detection of Chikungunya viruses. Methods On the basis of the real-time PCR that we had established, gold nanoparticles of different sizes were added to the system for optimization, which was then evaluated. Results It was found that the amplification efficacy of the system with gold nanoparticles was higher than that without gold nanoparticles, amounting to 99.5%. There existed a good linear relationship between the Ct value of the products by gold nanoparticle-assisted real-time fluorescence PCR and the concentrations of templates, with the regression equation being y＝-3.31x+41.78, R2＝0.9997. Conclusion Gold nanoparticle-assisted real- time fluorescence PCR has the potential to improve the efficiency of PCR amplification.
  • Technical optimization of termite-killing bait bag application by orthogonal experiment
    YANG Shi-zhang, CHEN Li-zhi, ZHANG Lan, DONG Yong, CHEN Bing-yong, CHEN Jing, KANG Yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 206-208,211.
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    Objective To look for a solution to the problem of rotting baits buried in soil in the areas with high temperature and moist climate before they are found by subterraneous termites. Methods Four woodlands seriously damaged by subterraneous termites in the Cinnamomun camphora forest in Nanshan Forestry Center in Nan’an District of Chongqing City were selected as the experimental sites. Based on the requirements for the design of the orthogonal experiment in L9 (34), nine treatments were implemented in each experimental site. The interval distance between treatments was 5 meters with four bait bags used in each treatment area. Put in place, every bait bag was checked every 7 days. Four consecutive checks were done during the period of experiment, the amount of baits in each bag fed by termites and the rotten degree of the baits estimated. Results Field experiment results indicated that when the bait bags were applied in the mode of A1B3C3, which meant that dry branches of C. camphora were used to enwrap the bait bag, which was buried 2 cm under soil and the plastic membrane and soil were covered on the bait bag, the bait bags fed by termites amounted to more than 75% with no bait bag decay at 4 weeks after application. The bait bags fed by termites was less than 75% with the bait bags having varying degrees of putrefaction when the bait bags were applied in other modes in this experiment. Conclusion The technique for application of bait bags can be optimized by orthogonal experiment. This optimization is expected to greatly decrease the risk of rotting bait bags and significantly enhance the amount of bait bags fed by termites. It is suggested that this new application technique deserve to be promoted for termite control.
  • Comparison of five methods of protein extraction from Blattella germanica
    HUANG Yan-hong, HUO Xin-bei, WANG Yu-ya, ZHANG Fan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 209-211.
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    Objective To explore a suitable method of protein extraction from German cockroach (Blattella germanica) in order to provide a basis for proteomic studies of B. germanica. Methods The adults of B. germanica were defatted with acetone and five protein extracts (TCA/acetone, RIPA, Tris-HCl, 1% SDS and lysate) were used for protein extraction. The concentration of protein was measured with the Bradford methods and the efficacy of protein extraction of the individual method before and after defatting was compared by SDS-PAGE analysis. Results Defatting contributed to the extraction of protein from B. germanica. In the five protein extraction methods, RIPA lysate was most effective. The results showed that the protein bands of female and male adults were 13 and 16, respectively, followed by the methods of SDS, Tris-HCl and lysate, with the TCA/acetone method being the least effective in terms of protein extraction. Conclusion Defatting with acetone makes for protein extraction from B. germanica; and RIPA lysate is more effective for protein extraction from adult B. germanica.
  • Survey of cats and dogs breeding and Ctenocephalides felis infection in China
    MENG Feng-xia, WU Dan-dan, YANG Ting-xiang, JIANG Hong-rong, JIN Jian-chao, LIU Jing-li, LIU Qi-yong, SUN Fan, ZHANG Xiao-yue, GONG Zheng-da, GE Jun-qi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 212-215.
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    Objective To understand the breeding condition of dogs and cats and their cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, infection in several areas of China, so as to provide basic evidence for cat flea and related infectious diseases prevention and control. Methods Door-to-door household survey was used to know the dogs and cats feeding condition in the suburb of Beijing, and rural areas of Qingdao of Shandong province and Dali of Yunnan province. C. felie abundance in stray cats, domestic dogs and cats were evaluated using body surface examination, free flea collection on the ground, flea eggs investigation as well as retrospective survey methods; and the seasonal fluctuation of C. felis in suburb of Beijing was studied using the flea eggs investigated method. Results (1) In Beijing suburb, 64.52%-83.87% of peasant households kept dogs with an average of 0.84-1.87 dogs per household, 69.2%-86.8% of the dogs were not chained, and 2.94%-6.45% of peasant households had free- roaming cats. In rural areas of Pingdu Qingdao of Shandong province 40.43% of households kept dogs, with an average of 0.50dog per household and more than 36.5% of those dogs were not chained. (2) The infection rate of C. felis in cat in rural areas of Qingdao and Beijing was 100%, while only 3.85%-19.15% of dogs were infected with Pulex irritans and C. felis. (3) In winter, C. felis still could lay a large amount of eggs in Beijing. Conclusion There were a great number of domestic dogs but few domestic cats in the rural and urban-rural areas of China, most cats were homeless. C. felis can develop on the surface of cat throughout the year. It is very important to enhance the management of stray cats and to pay more attention to the prevention and control of C. felis and other infectious diseases.
  • Resistance of Anopheles sinensis to deltamerthrin in three counties of Hefei city
    WU Song, MA Er-jian, LU Qun, YANG Feng-tao, CHEN Dao-jun, WANG Bo, ZHAI Jin-xia, YU Jun-feng, CHANG Na, JI Fei-hu, HONG Jie-feng, YE Miao-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 216-217.
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    Objective To explore the current status of resistance of Anopheles sinensis to deltamethrin in three counties of Hefei city. Methods One village from each of the three counties (Feidong county, Feixi county and Changfeng county) in Hefei city was selected. Pig / cow - baited traps were used to catch An. sinensis in July and August in 2011. Adult mosquito test kit recommended by WHO was applied for sensitivity test of An. sinensis. Results The knockdown rate of An. sinensis to 0.05% deltamethrin in Feidong, Feixi and Changfeng county was 0, 1.96% and 4.72% respectively. The adjusted mortality rate in the three counties was 4.90%, 12.23% and 20.05% respectively. Conclusion An. sinensis in the three counties of Hefei city have significant resistance to deltamethrin.
  • The resistance dynamics of Musca domestica to insecticides and the control strategies in the 26 years in Jinan city
    WANG Yong-ming, LIU Hui-yuan, WANG Dong, PENG Wen-guang, XIN Zheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 218-220.
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    Objective To investigate the resistance dynamics of Musca domestica in the 26 years in Jinan city for the development of its control strategies. Methods The micro-drop method was used for bioassay of M. domestica collected in different years in different parts of the city to determine its resistance status and trends. Insecticides dissolved in acetone were applied topically on the thoracic notum of female adults. Results M. domestica in Jinan city and surrounding area in 1982 were susceptible to conventional pyrethrin chemicals. However, 26 years later, the susceptibility of M. domestica to conventional pyrethrin chemicals decreased to varying degrees. Compared with the susceptible strain, the resistance of field housefly to deltamethrn and to bata-cypermethrinwas was 75.00-211.67 and 25.52-116.21 folds in 2008 respectively, indicating that the degree of housefly resistance was at a medium or high level. Conclusion The resistance of M. domestica to pyrethrin chemicals in Jinan and the surrounding areas has developed to varying degrees. Strategies for the control of resistance should be developed based on the local conditions.
  • The model of pulmonary allergic inflammation in mice established with recombinant group 2 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae
    ZHOU Shu-lin, CHANG Wei-jia, JIANG Yu-xin, CHEN Wen-kui
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 221-224.
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    Objective To establish a model of pulmonary allergic inflammation with BALB/c mice. Methods BALB/c mice were divided into PBS group, OVA group and recombinant Der f 2 protein (rDer f 2) group. The mice in the test group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of rDer f 2 at day 0, 7 and 14, and exposed to aerosolized allergen for 7 consecutive days starting from the 21 days. PBS or OVA instead of rDer f 2 was used in the control groups. All mice were executed within 24 h after the final exposure to aerosolized allergen. Pathological changes of the lung, cell counts and classification were studied with IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ levels in BALF detected by ELISA. Cells from spleen were cultured for 72 h,with IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ in supernatant, and allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE in serum detected by ELISA. Results In the OVA and rDer f 2 groups, the total number of white blood cells [(17.39± 1.03)× 106/L] and eosinophils [(1.61± 0.03)× 106/L] in BALF were significantly higher in OVA and rDer f 2 groups than those in PBS group (P<0.01). The levels of IL-4 [(78.92±9.06) pg/ml] and IL-17 [(201.63±31.26) pg/ml] in BALF from OVA and rDer f 2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.01), compared with those in PBS group. On the contrary, levels of IL-2 [(8.29± 1.27) pg/ml] and IFN-γ [(51.04± 15.85) pg/ml] in BALF were reduced significantly (P<0.01). The similar trends were also detected in terms of the above cytokines in the supernatants of spleen cell cultures. Moreover, the levels of IgE [(37.63±6.57) IU/ml], IgG1 [(16.68±2.90) μg/ml] in OVA and rDer f 2 groups were also significantly increased in serum than those in PBS group (P<0.01). The phenomenon indicated that Th2-type immune response was enhanced and Th1-type immune response was reduced, with no statistically significant difference between OVA and rDer f 2 groups (P>0.05) observed. Conclusion A pulmonary allergic inflammation model of BALB/c mice can be established successfully by intraperitoneal injection followed by aerosolization with rDer f 2 protein.
  • Study on the correlation between mite-specific antibody levels in serum and allergen concentration in house dust samples
    ZHANG Chun-mei, CHEN Yun-guang, LAI He, LI Wen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 225-227.
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    Objective To study the correlation between mite-specific antibody levels in serum and allergen concentration in house dust samples. Methods Thirty - three patients suffering from allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and urticaria chronica were included in the study. Their mite-specific antibody levels in serum were graded from 4 to 6. Dust from pillows, quilts, mattresses being used by the allergic patients was collected with vacuum cleaner and conserved in a dedicated box, and used for the detection of allergens with HDM allergen detection kit (Acarex company, Germany) with the levels of mite allergens evaluated according to the colour reactions, which were classified as negative, mild positive, moderate positive and highly positive). Results Seventy-nine samples were all positive, with 19 samples being mild positive (positive rate 24.1%), 20 samples moderate positive (25.3%), 40 samples highly positive (50.6%). It was demonstrated by the chi-square test that there were significant differences in antibody levels and positive rates among the three groups(P<0.05), there being a positive correlation between mite-specific antibodies in serum and allergens in bedrooms of patients with moderate and severe allergies. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between mite-specific antibodies in serum and allergens in bedrooms of patients with moderate and severe allergies. Doctors should instruct patients with allergic disorders to clean their bedrooms and linens properly in order to reduce, even eliminate allergens in their bedrooms for the prevention and control of their allergies.
  • The breeding density and the major allergens of acaroid mites in different motor habitats
    WANG Xiao-chun, LI Chao-pin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 228-230.
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    Objective To investigate the breeding density and the major allergens of acaroid mites in various motors. Methods Acaroid mites were collected from taxis, private cars and buses, and isolated, counted and identified from May to October in 2010. PCR was performed to detect the allergens Der f 1, Der p 1, Der f 2, Der p 2, with statistical analysis of the results done. Results It was found that there were thirteen species of acaroid mites, belonging to 12 genera and 4 families. The breeding rate was the highest in taxis (85.0%) with most species found in private cars. Four gene sequences (646 bp, 923 bp, 455 bp, 408 bp) were specifically amplified from different samples, with the positive rates of Der p 1 and Der p 2 of the samples from taxis higher than those from other motors (80.0% and 65.0%), and the positive rates of the four allergens ranged from 45.0%-57.5% in private cars but much lower in buses. Conclusion The breeding rate, species distribution and positive rates of acaroid mites from the three habitats are significantly different, which may be associated with the variation of temperature and humidity, habits of acaroid mites and degree of human disturbance.
  • Evaluation of the methods applied for the detection of Bacillus anthracis in anthrax outbreak
    ZHANG Hui-juan, LIANG Xu-dong, HAI Yan, LI Zhong-yan, YUAN Hai-tao, GUO Chang-shan, DONG Xiao-hui, WEI Jian-chun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 231-233.
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    Objective To analyze and summarize the experience and problems in emergent detection of Bacillus anthracis in anthrax outbreak for providing a basis for anthrax prevention and control. Methods The study collected lesions exudates and blood samples from suspected cases, as well as related animal samples and soil samples. The lesions were collected by slides and sterile cotton swabs. Smear microscopy, direct culture and broth enrichment were used to isolate and foster virulence genes. The virulence genes were amplified by PCR for detection of pathogens. Results Fifty-seven specimens were collected. 91.23% of the specimens came from B. anthracis cases and the other 8.77% came from cattle and soil. The time window between disease outbreak and collection of case specimens was 1 day at least and 23 days at most, with an average of 6.62 days. 16 (55.17%) of 29 suspected cases had received antibiotic treatment before their specimens were collected while 4 (13.79%) suspected cases had never received any antibiotic treatment. B. anthracis was isolated from lesions of 2 suspected cases who did not receive antibiotic treatment and 1 dead cattle, with 5.26% of positive isolation rate. Lesions from 1 patient had positive result under smear microscopy. All the specimens were tested negative after PCR amplification. Conclusion Low detection rate of B. anthracis is closely associated with the methods and time window of sample collection. Therefore, we should enhance interdepartmental communication and coordination and public education for early reporting, diagnosis and control of the pandemic.
    • Biology and Ecology
  • Genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Luobei port of Heilongjiang province in China: a new species and a new record in China
    LIANG Hui-jie, FU Ying-qun, LIU Guo-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 234-236.
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    A new species of the genus Culicoides, C. liweiae sp. nov. from Luobei port, Heilongjiang province, China is reported. The new species is closely allied to male C. gornostaevae Mirzaeva, 1984, but what is distinctly different between them is that the latter is pale in the distal half of cell R2 with a nearly triangle pale spot in the distal portion of cell R wing, no mocrotrichia in the basal cell of wing, the ventra root of two lateral basistly not continuous, and the ninth sternum in“V”caudomedion excavation. The ninth sternum of the male of this new species is also similar to that of C. sinanoensis Tokunaga, 1937, but they are distinctly different in the shapes of ventra root basistly, ninth tergum, and aedeagus. C. filicinus Gornostaeva et Gachegova, 1972 (♀) is recorded for the first time in China. The type specimen is deposited in the Entomology Collection Gallection Gallery of Heilongjiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Brueau of the P. R. China (Haerbin 150001, China).
    • Investigation
  • Resistance of Musca domestica to insecticides in Jiangxia district of Wuhan in 2010
    LIU Zhi, DONG Ming-na, PENG Jian-jun, TANG Zuo-wen, TIAN Jun-hua, CHEN Xiao-min, WU Tai-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 237-238.
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    Objective To provide a scientific basis for fly control by investigating resistance of Musca domestica to five common insecticides in Jiangxia district, Wuhan city. Methods The resistance of M. domestica to DDVP,azamethiphos,beta - cypermethrin,tetramethrin and cypermethrin were measured by topical application methods. Results M. domestica had low resisiteance to DDVP (LD50＝0.199 27 μg/♀) and beta-cypermethrin (LD50＝0.655 50 μg/♀), with the resistance ratio below 10-fold. M. domestica had devoloped high resistance to cypermethrin (LD50＝0.815 60 μg/♀) and propoxur (LD50＝0.648 50 μg/♀), and the resistances ratio to the two insecticides was 177.3 and 231.6 respectively.Conclusion It is essential to use insecticides reasonably based on researches of M. domestica’s resistance. It is also important to develop comprehensive prevention and control strategies.
  • Resistance of Rattus norvegicus to the anticoagulant rodenticides in Chengdu
    DENG Liang-li, MA Lin, SUN Yi, SHI Wei, TIAN Wen-jia, HE Jian-han, LIAO Jun, XIAO Lin, LIU Zhu, ZHANG Jing, JIANG Zheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 239-241.
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    Objective To Evaluate the resistance of Rattus norvegicus to warfarin and bromadiolone in Chengdu, providing information for the control of rodents in the area. Methods The resistance of R. norvegicus to warfarin and bromadiolone was tested with the BCR method. Results The 50% effective dose (ED50) of warfarin for R. norvigicus was 0.873 mg/kg for male and 1.439 mg/kg for female respectively, with that of bromadiolone being 1.091 mg/kg for male and 1.296 mg/kg for female. According to the baseline of susceptible R. norvegicus approved by ARRPC,the resistance level of the population was between 0.578 and 0.676 fold for warfarin and between 2.125 and 2.321 for bromadiolone. Conclusion R. norvigicus populations have developed resistance to bromadiolone in Chengdu, but not to warfarin, which can be used as an alternative rodenticide applicable to the control of rodents in Chengdu.
  • Surveillance analysis of rats in Longgang district of Shenzhen city
    ZOU Zhi-hui, WEI Wei, LIN Lin, LIU Qu, ZHANG Qi-wen, WANG De-quan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 242-243.
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    Objective To investigate the current status of rats in Longgang district in order to provide data for the effective prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in the area. Methods The night trapping method combined with the cage trapping method was used to investigate the rodent populations, distribution and density. Results A total of 35 rats were captured in this study, with Rattus norvegicu being the dominant species, accounting for 54.29%. The annual average population density of rodents was 3.95%. There was a statistically significant difference with regard to population density of rodents among 10 residential districts(χ2＝20.00, P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in the density between residential areas and special industries(χ2＝2.22, P>0.05). Conclusion The population density of rats in Longgang district is much higher than that specified in the national standards. Therefore, deratization measures against Mus musculus should be strengthened.
  • Rodent population density and seasonal fluctuation in Zhejiang in 2010
    GONG Zhen-yu, HOU Juan, FU Gui-ming, LING Feng, HE Fang, REN Zhang-yao, YANG Tian-ci
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 244-245,248.
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    Objective To get an insight into the distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rodent population and provide the basis for the control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases in Zhejiang province. Methods Rodent density surveillance was conducted once a month by night trapping method, with each surveillanc site covering a residential area, a special industry and a natural rural village. Results It was found that Rattus norvegicus was the predominant species in most areas of Zhejiang province in 2010, followed by Mus musculus and R. tanezumi. The average rodent density in the province was 0.97 per 100 rat traps, with the average density in natural rural villages being 1.23 per 100 rat traps. M. musculus was the predominant species in Hangzhou and Haiyan areas, while R. tanezumi was the predominant species in Quzhou city. The curve of rodent seasonal fluctuation showed a double-peaked pattern. The highest rodent density was seen in Jiangshan city. Conclusion There are several rodent species in Zhejiang province that can transmit diseases, so it is important to strengthen the integrated surveillance to reduce the rodent density for the control of rodent-borne diseases.
  • The primary investigation of mosquitoes population and density at Yunfu port
    LIU Chuan-ge, LUO Lin, HU Long-fei, DENG Ji-tang, MA Ze-zheng, HOU Jie, ZHANG You
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 246-248.
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    Objective To investigate the mosquito population, density and distribution in different habitats at Yunfu port in Guangdong province, and to provide the scientific evidence for controlling mosquito and vector - born infectious diseases. Methods Labour hour method, CDC light traps and mosquito magnet were taken for the survey of adult mosquitoes, scoop dipping method for the survey of larvaes and pupaes which would be identified after captured at the mosquito breeding site. The density of adult mosquitoes was obtained by monitoring mosquitoes with labour hour method in typical habitat. Results A total of 42 367 adult mosquitoes and 3680 larvaes were collected from May to November in 2011, which belong to 3 subfamily, 8 genera and 12 species. The dominant species are Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus successively. There were two peaks of adult mosquitoes density from May to November. The first is May and June, and the second is August. The biting activity of Ae. albopictus arised almost in one day, but the biting rate in the daytime was obviously higher than that at night. There were three biting peaks at one cycle. Conclusion It is the first time to obtain the original information of mosquito population at Yunfu port, which presented the mosquito population under natural conditions and would be useful to the ongoing survey and control of mosquitoes in the future.
  • Investigation into the ecological habits of mosquitoes and their hazards in a military maneuver field in Southeast China
    LU Nian-hong, LV Xing-biao, XIA Hong-jun, HAN Zhao-jiu, CAO Yong-ping, ZHENG Jian, TAN Wei-long, JIA De-sheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 249-251.
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    Objective To make a thorough investigation on the ecological habits of mosquitoes and their hazards in a military maneuver field of Southeast China, providing some basic information for the control of the insects. Methods Mosquitoes were captured using CO2 traps and insect nets, with identification, classification and statistical analysis done. The population composition and day and night activities of mosquitoes were investigated, with the mosquito biting index, reactions of soldiers to bites and the mosquito - borne diseases in the past five years involved. Results Twelve species belonging to 6 genus of mosquitoes were found in the investigation, with Culex tritaeniorhynchus (35.04% ), Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus (25.91% ), Anopheles sinensis (18.54%), Armigeres subalbatus (10.17%) and Aedes albopictus (7.11%) being the dominant species. Mosquito activities peaked one hour before the sunrise and one or two hours after the sunset. The highest biting index could reach 14 mosquitoes/15 min one hour after the sunset. The main hazards from mosquitoes were blood-sucking and harassment, causing dermitis and in severe cases systemic allergic reactions. New comers who had more symptoms accounted for 66.74%, of whom 96.33% manifested phycological reactions such as restlessness and irritability. There had been no reports of malaria for the past five years, but occasional cases of encephalitis and dengue fever were seen, posing a potential threat to the stationed troops. Conclusion Integrated strategies based on the ecology should be taken to control and prevent mosquitoes for army troops who come to the area for military maneuvers.
  • Laboratory efficacy test methods and criterions of cockroach baits
    REN Dong-sheng, LIU Jing-li, NING Jun-yan, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 252-254.
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    Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 11 kinds of cockroach baits. Methods Ten adults of Blattella germanica (half male and half female) with feed, water and cockroach baits were put into a beaker. Three replications were made for each bait with blank control. Twenty-four hours later, the cockroach baits were taken out and the LT50, water loss rate and feeding amount were calculated. Results All of the eleven kinds of cockroach baits can kill B. germanica within 96 hours, meeting grade A of national standards (GB/T 13917.7-2009), but their LT50, water loss rate and feeding amount are quite different. Conclusion Eleven kinds of cockroach baits can effectively kill B. germanica. Comprehensive evaluation based on the needs and site conditions should be done to select the most suitable cockroach bait.
  • Investigation on plaque hosts and vectors in the areas with a history of the epedemic in Yiwu city, 2001 to 2010
    LUO Shu-ying, FU Tao, ZHU Zhi-hong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 255-258.
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    Objective To get epidemiological data on plaque hosts and vectors in the areas with a history of the epidemic in Yiwu city, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic in the city. Methods Rodents were captured in the surveillance sites in the city using live traps, and fleas on them were collected under ether anaesthesia. Rodent liver and spleen were taken for isolation and culture or for PCR detection. Radio immunoassay (RIA) or indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) was used for serological study. Indices such as rodent capture rate, infection rate and flea index were calculated. SPSS 16.0 software was applied for statistical analysis of the data. Results The average indoor and outdoor rodent capture rate was 1.06% and 1.23%, respectively. The primary indoor rodents were Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, while Eothenomys melanogaster and Apodemus agrarius were the most common outdoor rodents. The flea infection rate was 1.52% with an average flea index of 0.032. No plague were cultured or detected in 7012 rodent samples and 169 flea samples. Plague antibody was detected in 4 out of 6884 samples. Conclusion The composition of plaque hosts and vectors is stable with a low density of rodents and fleas in Yiwu city.However, serological study should be strengthened to be vigilant against imported cases.
  • Investigation of the potential plague foci in Wanzhou and Fuling sections of Chongqing
    LI Hong, MAO De-qiang, SU Pei-xue, LUO Chao, XIANG Yu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 259-261.
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    Objective To understand the species composition and quantitative distribution of the dominant host animals and plague vector fleas, and the infections of host animals with Yersinia pestis in Wanzhou and Fuling sections of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area to determine whether there existed plague foci or not. Methods Rodents captured by cages and fleas collected with sticky papers, were identified with the flea-carrying rate and flea index calculated. The plague F1 antibody from host animals was detected with IHA. Results (1)Host animals: one hundred and seventy rodents were captured in Wanzhou with a rodent density of 3.20% and 303 rodents in Fuling with a density of 5.95%.(2)Flea index: one hundred fifty-one fleas were caught in Wanzhou with a flea-carrying rate of 22.94% on rodents, the total flea index being 0.888. Sixty-four fleas were caught in Fuling with a flea- carrying rate of 7.59%, the total flea index being 0.211.(3)The free flea index: three thousand sticky papers were placed and 6 fleas were captured in Wanzhou with a total flea index of 0.002. No fleas were captured in Fuling with the same method.(4)The plague serological examination: in Wanzhou and Fuling sections, no plague F1 antibody was detected. Conclusion Wanzhou and Fuling sections are not plague foci where no plague has occurred, but based on the information of geographical landscape, host animals, vector insects and epidemiological investigation, it is likely that the plague epidemic may occur in the sections.
  • Epidemiological characteristics and management of dog bites in rural communities
    ZHUGE Yi, YANG Wei-dong, GUAN You-gen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 262-264.
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    Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dog bites in rural communities and the techniques of emergency wound management for the improvement of therapeutic efficacy. Methods Retrospective statistical analysis was done of the epidemiological data on dog bites and the therapeutic efficacy of emergency wound management in the Yanglin rural community in the 3 years from July, 2007 to June, 2010, with chi-square test used for comparison of the data rates between groups. Results A total of 222 dog bite cases were treated in three years in Yanglin rural community, with all the wounds healed completely. The results of follow-up study showed that none of the cases was affected by rabies and tetanus. Of all the dog bite cases, there were 126 cases affected in summer and autumn and 96 cases in the winter and spring, with the incidence higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring (χ2＝218.0, P<0.01). Conclusion In rural communities, dog bite is more likely to occur in summer and autumn. Emergency management of the wound with anti-infective interventions is of great importance in the control of wound infection and the prevention of rabies and tetanus.
  • Analysis on the surveillance results of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Cixi city from 1996 to 2011
    LUO Yang-nu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 265-267.
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    Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Cixi city from 1996 to 2011,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods Regular surveillance of the epidemic and rodent infestation in Cixi city from 1996 to 2011 was conducted and analysis on the data collected was made. Results In the 16 years, there were totally 515 cases of HFRS in the whole city and 2 cases of death with an annual incidence of 2.35/105 and mortality of 0.39%. This disease occurred around the year with peaks seen from March to June. People aged between 20 and 50 years were most often affected, accounting for 72.04% of the total cases. In terms of occupation, farmers were more often affected accounting for 77.28%. The ratio of male to female was 2.71:1. Rattus norvegicus was the predominant species both outdoors and indoors, the virus-carrying rate being 5.32%(90/1692). Positive rat lung were typed by PCR as Hanta virus. Conclusion There are epidemic foci with house-rat types in Cixi city, which belongs to a low to moderate incidence area with a trend of annual declining in the incidence of HFRS. Strengthening of surveillance and rodent control is an effective measure for the prevention of HFRS epidemic.
  • Epidemiological analysis of human brucellosis in Liaoning province from 2001 to 2011
    SUN Ying-wei, MAO Ling-ling, LI Xin, SUN Guang-jiu, YAO Wen-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 268-269.
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    Objective To analyze the epidemiological trend and characteristics of human brucellosis from 2001 to 2011 in Liaoning province. Methods Methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to analyze the surveillance data from 2001 to 2011, collected from the China information system for disease control and prevention. Results A total of 6008 cases including 2 death cases were reported with an incidence between 0.32/105 and 2.50/105. There were two peaks of the epidemic from 2001 to 2011. The cases were primarily distributed in the east and west of Liaoning, including Shenyang,Fushun,Jinzhou,Yingkou, Fuxin,Tieling and Huludao where brucellosis occurred most frequently. The period from March to July is the peak of the disease with young and middle-aged farmers affected most. Conclusion The brucellosis epidemic takes on an overall upward trend in the province, with a high incidence of the disease seen in the areas of severe epidemic and convenient transportation.
  • Investigation on Brucellosis epidemic control from 2001 to 2010 in Tianzhen county, Shanxi province
    WU Mei-he
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 270-271.
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    Objective To analyze the characteristics of Brucellosis epidemic control in Tianzhen county from 2001 to 2010 for exploring measures for the prevention and control of brucellosis in the areas of prevalence. Methods Statistical analysis was performed of the brucellosis epidemics from 2001 to 2010 in Tianzhen county. Results There were 1958 new cases of brucellosis reported in Tianzhen county during the 10 years with an average annual incidence rate of 100.53/105. Farmers were predominantly affected. An obvious seasonal periodicity was seen in terms of the incidence of the epidemic, with it spreading from a small area of the county to all of the 11 townships of the county year by year. Conclusion The source of infection was not effectively controlled because of frequent livestock trading during 2001 to 2005 with a significant increase in new cases. The epidemic was kept under control in 2006 to 2010 through intensive surveillance, free and timely standardized treatment of patients and file management, combined with intensified propaganda of the knowledge about brucellosis prevention and control, cooperation of departments concerned under the auspices of the local government, strengthened quarantine, and elimination of livestock with brucellosis.
  • Experimental study on the killing effects of permethrin diehlorobenzene on fleas on spermophilus dauricus
    WANG Zhi-yu, GAO Wen-lin, SHI Xian-ming, CHEN Yong-jiang, DU Guo-yi, NING Zhi-bo, WU Xiao-ming, WANG Qiang, LIU Hai-xiang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 272-272.
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    • Review
  • Advances in research on the host diversity in plague natural foci in China
    DU Guo-yi, YANG Jian-ming, WANG Hai-feng, SHI Xian-ming
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 273-274.
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    The main hosts in plague natural foci play a key role in the spread of plague and the preservation of Yersinia pestis. However, the plague hosts in natural foci have been showing diversity in recent years. Especially the non-primary hosts in plague natural foci have become a classic mode of plague transmission, posing a serious threat to human health. The relationship between hosts and plague transmission is presented in this paper to provide guidance for the development of measures for plague monitoring, prevention and control.
  • Airport ecological environment management based on the control of bird strike
    LIU Zhen-jiang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2012, 23(3): 275-276.
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    Collision of an airplane with a bird may lead to death of the bird or even air crash. It is a serious problem that has been threatening the flight safety all over the world. The present paper analyzes the environmental factors of bird strike based on airport environment investigation, and suggests strategies to prevent and control bird strike by enhancing airport ecological management to reduce the attraction to birds.
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